Make MaxiCode scalable in raster files

This commit is contained in:
Robin Stuart 2016-10-27 17:50:10 +01:00
parent 54c0a858ea
commit 796af2580f
3 changed files with 122 additions and 239 deletions

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@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
/* maxihex.h - Shapes for Maxicode output to PNG file */
/*
libzint - the open source barcode library
Copyright (C) 2008-2016 Robin Stuart <rstuart114@gmail.com>
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/* This file contains the pixel-by-pixel representation of maxicode glyphs
at a resolution of 12 pixels per millimeter. hexagon[] is taken directly
from ISO 16023 Annex J. bullseye[] was calculated by the Gimp */
#define SSET "0123456789ABCDEF"
static const int hexagon[120] = {
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,
0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,
0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
};
static const unsigned int bullseye_compressed[] = {
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255, 248, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 255, 255, 192, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 1, 255, 255, 255, 252, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 7, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 31, 255, 255, 255, 255, 192, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 127, 255, 255, 255, 255, 240, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 252, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 7, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 15, 255, 255, 0, 7, 255, 255, 128, 0, 0,
0, 0, 63, 255, 240, 0, 0, 127, 255, 224, 0, 0,
0, 0, 127, 255, 128, 0, 0, 15, 255, 240, 0, 0,
0, 0, 255, 252, 0, 0, 0, 1, 255, 248, 0, 0,
0, 1, 255, 240, 0, 0, 0, 0, 127, 252, 0, 0,
0, 3, 255, 224, 0, 0, 0, 0, 63, 254, 0, 0,
0, 7, 255, 128, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 255, 0, 0,
0, 15, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 255, 128, 0,
0, 31, 252, 0, 0, 127, 240, 0, 1, 255, 192, 0,
0, 63, 248, 0, 7, 255, 255, 0, 0, 255, 224, 0,
0, 127, 240, 0, 63, 255, 255, 224, 0, 127, 240, 0,
0, 127, 224, 0, 255, 255, 255, 248, 0, 63, 240, 0,
0, 255, 192, 1, 255, 255, 255, 252, 0, 31, 248, 0,
1, 255, 128, 7, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 15, 252, 0,
1, 255, 0, 15, 255, 255, 255, 255, 128, 7, 252, 0,
3, 255, 0, 63, 255, 255, 255, 255, 224, 7, 254, 0,
3, 254, 0, 127, 255, 192, 31, 255, 240, 3, 254, 0,
7, 252, 0, 255, 252, 0, 1, 255, 248, 1, 255, 0,
7, 252, 1, 255, 240, 0, 0, 127, 252, 1, 255, 0,
15, 248, 1, 255, 192, 0, 0, 31, 252, 0, 255, 128,
15, 240, 3, 255, 128, 0, 0, 15, 254, 0, 127, 128,
31, 240, 7, 255, 0, 0, 0, 7, 255, 0, 127, 192,
31, 224, 7, 254, 0, 0, 0, 3, 255, 0, 63, 192,
63, 224, 15, 252, 0, 0, 0, 1, 255, 128, 63, 224,
63, 224, 31, 248, 0, 63, 192, 0, 255, 192, 63, 224,
63, 192, 31, 240, 0, 255, 240, 0, 127, 192, 31, 224,
63, 192, 63, 224, 3, 255, 252, 0, 63, 224, 31, 224,
127, 192, 63, 224, 7, 255, 254, 0, 63, 224, 31, 240,
127, 128, 63, 192, 15, 255, 255, 0, 31, 224, 15, 240,
127, 128, 127, 192, 31, 255, 255, 128, 31, 240, 15, 240,
127, 128, 127, 128, 63, 255, 255, 192, 15, 240, 15, 240,
127, 128, 127, 128, 63, 255, 255, 192, 15, 240, 15, 240,
255, 0, 127, 128, 127, 240, 255, 224, 15, 240, 7, 240,
255, 0, 255, 128, 127, 192, 63, 224, 15, 248, 7, 240,
255, 0, 255, 0, 255, 128, 31, 240, 7, 248, 7, 240,
255, 0, 255, 0, 255, 128, 31, 240, 7, 248, 7, 240,
255, 0, 255, 0, 255, 0, 15, 240, 7, 248, 7, 240,
255, 0, 255, 0, 255, 0, 15, 240, 7, 248, 7, 240,
255, 0, 255, 0, 255, 0, 15, 240, 7, 248, 7, 240,
255, 0, 255, 0, 255, 0, 15, 240, 7, 248, 7, 240,
255, 0, 255, 0, 255, 128, 31, 240, 7, 248, 7, 240,
255, 0, 255, 0, 255, 128, 31, 240, 7, 248, 7, 240,
255, 0, 255, 0, 127, 192, 63, 224, 7, 248, 7, 240,
255, 0, 255, 128, 127, 240, 255, 224, 15, 248, 7, 240,
255, 0, 127, 128, 63, 255, 255, 192, 15, 240, 7, 240,
127, 128, 127, 128, 63, 255, 255, 192, 15, 240, 15, 240,
127, 128, 127, 128, 31, 255, 255, 128, 15, 240, 15, 240,
127, 128, 127, 192, 15, 255, 255, 0, 31, 240, 15, 240,
127, 128, 63, 192, 7, 255, 254, 0, 31, 224, 15, 240,
127, 192, 63, 224, 3, 255, 252, 0, 63, 224, 31, 240,
63, 192, 63, 224, 0, 255, 240, 0, 63, 224, 31, 224,
63, 192, 31, 240, 0, 63, 192, 0, 127, 192, 31, 224,
63, 224, 31, 248, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255, 192, 63, 224,
63, 224, 15, 252, 0, 0, 0, 1, 255, 128, 63, 224,
31, 224, 7, 254, 0, 0, 0, 3, 255, 0, 63, 192,
31, 240, 7, 255, 0, 0, 0, 7, 255, 0, 127, 192,
15, 240, 3, 255, 128, 0, 0, 15, 254, 0, 127, 128,
15, 248, 1, 255, 192, 0, 0, 31, 252, 0, 255, 128,
7, 252, 1, 255, 240, 0, 0, 127, 252, 1, 255, 0,
7, 252, 0, 255, 252, 0, 1, 255, 248, 1, 255, 0,
3, 254, 0, 127, 255, 192, 31, 255, 240, 3, 254, 0,
3, 255, 0, 63, 255, 255, 255, 255, 224, 7, 254, 0,
1, 255, 0, 15, 255, 255, 255, 255, 128, 7, 252, 0,
1, 255, 128, 7, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 15, 252, 0,
0, 255, 192, 1, 255, 255, 255, 252, 0, 31, 248, 0,
0, 127, 224, 0, 255, 255, 255, 248, 0, 63, 240, 0,
0, 127, 240, 0, 63, 255, 255, 224, 0, 127, 240, 0,
0, 63, 248, 0, 7, 255, 255, 0, 0, 255, 224, 0,
0, 31, 252, 0, 0, 127, 240, 0, 1, 255, 192, 0,
0, 15, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 255, 128, 0,
0, 7, 255, 128, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 255, 0, 0,
0, 3, 255, 224, 0, 0, 0, 0, 63, 254, 0, 0,
0, 1, 255, 240, 0, 0, 0, 0, 127, 252, 0, 0,
0, 0, 255, 252, 0, 0, 0, 1, 255, 248, 0, 0,
0, 0, 127, 255, 128, 0, 0, 15, 255, 240, 0, 0,
0, 0, 63, 255, 240, 0, 0, 127, 255, 224, 0, 0,
0, 0, 15, 255, 255, 0, 7, 255, 255, 128, 0, 0,
0, 0, 7, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 252, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 127, 255, 255, 255, 255, 240, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 31, 255, 255, 255, 255, 192, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 7, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 1, 255, 255, 255, 252, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 255, 255, 192, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255, 248, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
};

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@ -43,9 +43,10 @@
#include <malloc.h>
#endif /* _MSC_VER */
#include "maxihex.h" /* Maxicode shapes */
#include "font.h" /* Font for human readable text */
#define SSET "0123456789ABCDEF"
#ifndef NO_PNG
extern int png_pixel_plot(struct zint_symbol *symbol, char *pixelbuf);
#endif /* NO_PNG */
@ -90,11 +91,13 @@ void buffer_plot(struct zint_symbol *symbol, char *pixelbuf) {
int save_raster_image_to_file(struct zint_symbol *symbol, int image_height, int image_width, char *pixelbuf, int rotate_angle, int image_type) {
int error_number;
int row, column;
#ifndef _MSC_VER
char rotated_pixbuf[image_height * image_width];
#else
char* rotated_pixbuf = (char *) _alloca((image_height * image_width) * sizeof (char));
#endif /* _MSC_VER */
char *rotated_pixbuf;
if (!(rotated_pixbuf = (char *) malloc(image_width * image_height))) {
printf("Insufficient memory for pixel buffer");
return ZINT_ERROR_ENCODING_PROBLEM;
}
switch (rotate_angle) {
case 0:
@ -138,7 +141,7 @@ int save_raster_image_to_file(struct zint_symbol *symbol, int image_height, int
for (row = 0; row < image_height; row++) {
for (column = 0; column < image_width; column++) {
rotated_pixbuf[(row * image_width) + column] =
*(pixelbuf + (image_width * row) + column);
pixelbuf[(image_width * row) + column];
}
}
break;
@ -191,6 +194,7 @@ int save_raster_image_to_file(struct zint_symbol *symbol, int image_height, int
break;
}
free(rotated_pixbuf);
return error_number;
}
@ -225,54 +229,24 @@ void draw_circle(char *pixelbuf, int image_width, int image_height, int x0, int
}
}
int bullseye_pixel(int row, int col) {
int block_val, block_pos, return_val;
block_val = bullseye_compressed[(row * 12) + (col / 8)];
return_val = 0;
block_pos = col % 8;
if (block_val & (0x80 >> block_pos)) {
return_val = 1;
}
return return_val;
}
void draw_bullseye(char *pixelbuf, int image_width, int image_height, int xoffset, int yoffset) {
void draw_bullseye(char *pixelbuf, int image_width, int image_height, int xoffset, int yoffset, int scaler) {
/* Central bullseye in Maxicode symbols */
int i, j;
draw_circle(pixelbuf, image_width, image_height, (int)(14.5 * scaler) + xoffset, (int)(15 * scaler) + yoffset, (int)(4.571 * scaler) + 1, '1');
draw_circle(pixelbuf, image_width, image_height, (int)(14.5 * scaler) + xoffset, (int)(15 * scaler) + yoffset, (int)(3.779 * scaler) + 1, '0');
draw_circle(pixelbuf, image_width, image_height, (int)(14.5 * scaler) + xoffset, (int)(15 * scaler) + yoffset, (int)(2.988 * scaler) + 1, '1');
draw_circle(pixelbuf, image_width, image_height, (int)(14.5 * scaler) + xoffset, (int)(15 * scaler) + yoffset, (int)(2.196 * scaler) + 1, '0');
draw_circle(pixelbuf, image_width, image_height, (int)(14.5 * scaler) + xoffset, (int)(15 * scaler) + yoffset, (int)(1.394 * scaler) + 1, '1');
draw_circle(pixelbuf, image_width, image_height, (int)(14.5 * scaler) + xoffset, (int)(15 * scaler) + yoffset, (int)(0.602 * scaler) + 1, '0');
for (j = 103; j < 196; j++) {
for (i = 0; i < 93; i++) {
if (bullseye_pixel(j - 103, i)) {
*(pixelbuf + (image_width * j) + (image_width * yoffset) + i + 99 + xoffset) = '1';
}
}
}
/*
// At some point (probably after 2.5 release) the above clumsy drawing method should
// be replaced by something more like the code below
int scaler = 10;
draw_circle(pixelbuf, image_width, image_height, (14.5 * scaler) + xoffset, (int)(15 * scaler) + yoffset, (int)(4.57 * scaler), '1');
draw_circle(pixelbuf, image_width, image_height, (14.5 * scaler) + xoffset, (int)(15 * scaler) + yoffset, (int)(3.78 * scaler), '0');
draw_circle(pixelbuf, image_width, image_height, (14.5 * scaler) + xoffset, (int)(15 * scaler) + yoffset, (int)(2.99 * scaler), '1');
draw_circle(pixelbuf, image_width, image_height, (14.5 * scaler) + xoffset, (int)(15 * scaler) + yoffset, (int)(2.20 * scaler), '0');
draw_circle(pixelbuf, image_width, image_height, (14.5 * scaler) + xoffset, (int)(15 * scaler) + yoffset, (int)(1.39 * scaler), '1');
draw_circle(pixelbuf, image_width, image_height, (14.5 * scaler) + xoffset, (int)(15 * scaler) + yoffset, (int)(0.60 * scaler), '0');
*/
}
void draw_hexagon(char *pixelbuf, int image_width, int xposn, int yposn) {
void draw_hexagon(char *pixelbuf, int image_width, char *scaled_hexagon, int hexagon_size, int xposn, int yposn) {
/* Put a hexagon into the pixel buffer */
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
if (hexagon[(i * 10) + j] == 1) {
for (i = 0; i < hexagon_size; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < hexagon_size; j++) {
if (scaled_hexagon[(i * hexagon_size) + j] == '1') {
*(pixelbuf + (image_width * i) + (image_width * yposn) + xposn + j) = '1';
}
}
@ -420,21 +394,96 @@ void draw_string(char *pixbuf, char input_string[], int xposn, int yposn, int te
}
void plot_hexline(char *scaled_hexagon, int hexagon_size, float start_x, float start_y, float end_x, float end_y) {
/* Draw a straight line from start to end */
int i;
float inc_x, inc_y;
float this_x, this_y;
inc_x = (end_x - start_x) / hexagon_size;
inc_y = (end_y - start_y) / hexagon_size;
for (i = 0; i < hexagon_size; i++) {
this_x = start_x + ((float)i * inc_x);
this_y = start_y + ((float)i * inc_y);
if (((this_x >= 0) && (this_x < hexagon_size)) && ((this_y >= 0) && (this_y < hexagon_size))) {
scaled_hexagon[(hexagon_size * (int)this_y) + (int)this_x] = '1';
}
}
}
void plot_hexagon(char *scaled_hexagon, int hexagon_size) {
/* Create a hexagon shape and fill it */
int line, i;
char ink;
float x_offset[6];
float y_offset[6];
float start_x, start_y;
float end_x, end_y;
x_offset[0] = 0.0;
x_offset[1] = 0.86;
x_offset[2] = 0.86;
x_offset[3] = 0.0;
x_offset[4] = -0.86;
x_offset[5] = -0.86;
y_offset[0] = 1.0;
y_offset[1] = 0.5;
y_offset[2] = -0.5;
y_offset[3] = -1.0;
y_offset[4] = -0.5;
y_offset[5] = 0.5;
/* Plot hexagon outline */
for (line = 0; line < 5; line++) {
start_x = ((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) + (((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) * x_offset[line]);
start_y = ((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) + (((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) * y_offset[line]);
end_x = ((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) + (((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) * x_offset[line + 1]);
end_y = ((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) + (((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) * y_offset[line + 1]);
plot_hexline(scaled_hexagon, hexagon_size, start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y);
}
start_x = ((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) + (((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) * x_offset[line]);
start_y = ((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) + (((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) * y_offset[line]);
end_x = ((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) + (((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) * x_offset[0]);
end_y = ((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) + (((float)hexagon_size / 2.0) * y_offset[0]);
plot_hexline(scaled_hexagon, hexagon_size, start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y);
/* Fill hexagon */
for (line = 0; line < hexagon_size; line++) {
ink = '0';
for (i = 0; i < hexagon_size; i++) {
if (scaled_hexagon[(hexagon_size * line) + i] == '1') {
if (i < (hexagon_size / 2)) {
ink = '1';
} else {
ink = '0';
}
}
if (ink == '1') {
scaled_hexagon[(hexagon_size * line) + i] = ink;
}
}
}
}
int plot_raster_maxicode(struct zint_symbol *symbol, int rotate_angle, int data_type) {
/* Plot a MaxiCode symbol with hexagons and bullseye */
int i, row, column, xposn, yposn;
int image_height, image_width;
char *pixelbuf;
int error_number;
int xoffset, yoffset;
float scaler = symbol->scale;
char *scaled_pixelbuf;
int horiz, vert;
int scale_width, scale_height;
char *scaled_hexagon;
int hexagon_size;
xoffset = symbol->border_width + symbol->whitespace_width;
yoffset = symbol->border_width;
image_width = 300 + (2 * xoffset * 2);
image_height = 300 + (2 * yoffset * 2);
image_width = (300 + (2 * xoffset * 2)) * scaler;
image_height = (300 + (2 * yoffset * 2)) * scaler;
if (!(pixelbuf = (char *) malloc(image_width * image_height))) {
printf("Insufficient memory for pixel buffer");
@ -445,7 +494,21 @@ int plot_raster_maxicode(struct zint_symbol *symbol, int rotate_angle, int data_
}
}
draw_bullseye(pixelbuf, image_width, image_height, (2 * xoffset), (2 * yoffset));
hexagon_size = (int)scaler * 10;
if (!(scaled_hexagon = (char *) malloc(hexagon_size * hexagon_size))) {
printf("Insufficient memory for pixel buffer");
free(scaled_hexagon);
return ZINT_ERROR_ENCODING_PROBLEM;
} else {
for (i = 0; i < (hexagon_size * hexagon_size); i++) {
*(scaled_hexagon + i) = '0';
}
}
plot_hexagon(scaled_hexagon, hexagon_size);
draw_bullseye(pixelbuf, image_width, image_height, (2 * xoffset), (2 * yoffset), scaler * 10);
for (row = 0; row < symbol->rows; row++) {
yposn = row * 9;
@ -455,10 +518,10 @@ int plot_raster_maxicode(struct zint_symbol *symbol, int rotate_angle, int data_
if (row & 1) {
/* Odd (reduced) row */
xposn += 5;
draw_hexagon(pixelbuf, image_width, xposn + (2 * xoffset), yposn + (2 * yoffset));
draw_hexagon(pixelbuf, image_width, scaled_hexagon, hexagon_size, (xposn + (2 * xoffset)) * scaler, (yposn + (2 * yoffset)) * scaler);
} else {
/* Even (full) row */
draw_hexagon(pixelbuf, image_width, xposn + (2 * xoffset), yposn + (2 * yoffset));
draw_hexagon(pixelbuf, image_width, scaled_hexagon, hexagon_size, (xposn + (2 * xoffset)) * scaler, (yposn + (2 * yoffset)) * scaler);
}
}
}
@ -476,32 +539,8 @@ int plot_raster_maxicode(struct zint_symbol *symbol, int rotate_angle, int data_
draw_bar(pixelbuf, 300 + ((symbol->border_width + symbol->whitespace_width + symbol->whitespace_width) * 2), symbol->border_width * 2, 0, image_height, image_width, image_height);
}
if (scaler == 0) {
scaler = 0.5;
}
scale_width = image_width * scaler;
scale_height = image_height * scaler;
/* Apply scale options by creating another pixel buffer */
if (!(scaled_pixelbuf = (char *) malloc(scale_width * scale_height))) {
printf("Insufficient memory for pixel buffer");
free(pixelbuf);
return ZINT_ERROR_ENCODING_PROBLEM;
} else {
for (i = 0; i < (scale_width * scale_height); i++) {
*(scaled_pixelbuf + i) = '0';
}
}
for (vert = 0; vert < scale_height; vert++) {
for (horiz = 0; horiz < scale_width; horiz++) {
*(scaled_pixelbuf + (vert * scale_width) + horiz) = *(pixelbuf + ((int) (vert / scaler) * image_width) + (int) (horiz / scaler));
}
}
error_number = save_raster_image_to_file(symbol, scale_height, scale_width, scaled_pixelbuf, rotate_angle, data_type);
free(scaled_pixelbuf);
error_number = save_raster_image_to_file(symbol, image_height, image_width, pixelbuf, rotate_angle, data_type);
free(scaled_hexagon);
free(pixelbuf);
return error_number;
}

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@ -386,13 +386,6 @@ The scale of the image can be altered using the --scale= option followed by a
multiple of the default x-dimension. The default x-dimension is 2 pixels. For
example for PNG images a scale of 5 will increase the x-dimension to 10 pixels.
===============================================================================
NOTE: There is a known problem with scaling MaxiCode images when outputting
to a raster file format. While the image does scale it does not improve the
clarity of the image. It is hoped this will be resolved in a later version of
the program.
===============================================================================
4.10 Input modes
----------------
By default all input data is assumed to be encoded in Unicode (UTF-8) format.