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4388 lines
174 KiB
Plaintext
4388 lines
174 KiB
Plaintext
% Zint Barcode Generator and Zint Barcode Studio User Manual
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% Version 2.11.1.9
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% December 2022
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# 1. Introduction
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The Zint project aims to provide a complete cross-platform open source barcode
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generating solution. The package currently consists of a Qt based GUI, a CLI
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command line executable and a library with an API to allow developers access to
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the capabilities of Zint. It is hoped that Zint provides a solution which is
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flexible enough for professional users while at the same time takes care of as
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much of the processing as possible to allow easy translation from input data to
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barcode image.
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The library which forms the main component of the Zint project is currently
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able to encode data in over 50 barcode symbologies (types of barcode), for each
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of which it is possible to translate that data from either UTF-8 (Unicode) or a
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raw 8-bit data stream. The image can be rendered as either a Portable Network
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Graphic (PNG) image, Windows Bitmap (BMP), Graphics Interchange Format (GIF),
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ZSoft Paintbrush image (PCX), Tagged Image File Format (TIF), Enhanced Metafile
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Format (EMF), as Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), or as a Scalable Vector Graphic
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(SVG). Many options are available for setting the characteristics of the output
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image including the size and colour of the image, the amount of error correction
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used in the symbol and the orientation of the image.
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## 1.1 Glossary
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Some of the words and phrases used in this document are specific to barcoding,
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and so a brief explanation is given to help understanding:
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symbol
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: A symbol is an image which encodes data according to one of the standards.
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This encompasses barcodes (linear symbols) as well as any of the other
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methods of representing data used in this program.
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symbology
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: A method of encoding data to create a certain type of symbol.
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linear
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: A linear or one-dimensional symbol is one which consists of bars and spaces,
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and is what most people associate with the term 'barcode'. Examples include
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Code 128.
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stacked
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: A stacked symbol consists of multiple linear symbols placed one above
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another and which together hold the message, usually alongside some error
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correction data. Examples include PDF417.
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matrix
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: A matrix symbol is one based on a (usually square) grid of elements called
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modules. Examples include Data Matrix, but MaxiCode and DotCode are also
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considered matrix symbologies.
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composite
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: A composite symbology is one which is made up of elements which are both
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linear and stacked. Those currently supported are made up of a linear
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'primary' message above which is printed a stacked component based on the
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PDF417 symbology. These symbols also have a separator which separates the
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linear and the stacked components. The stacked component is most often
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referred to as the 2D (two-dimensional) component.
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X-dimension
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: The X-dimension of a symbol is the size (usually the width) of the smallest
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element. For a linear symbology this is the width of the smallest bar. For
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matrix symbologies it is the width of the smallest module (usually a
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square). Barcode widths and heights are expressed in multiples of the
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X-dimension. Most linear symbologies can have their height varied whereas
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most matrix symbologies have a fixed width-to-height ratio where the height
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is determined by the width.
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GS1 data
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: This is a structured way of representing information which consists of
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'chunks' of data, each of which starts with an Application Identifier (AI).
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The AI identifies what type of information is being encoded.
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Reader Initialisation (Programming)
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: Some symbologies allow a special character to be included which can be
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detected by the scanning equipment as signifying that the data is used to
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program or change settings in that equipment. This data is usually not
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passed on to the software which handles normal input data. This feature
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should only be used if you are familiar with the programming codes relevant
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to your scanner.
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ECI
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: The Extended Channel Interpretations (ECI) mechanism allows for
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multi-language data to be encoded in symbols which would usually support
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only Latin-1 (ISO/IEC 8859-1 plus ASCII) characters. This can be useful, for
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example, if you need to encode Cyrillic characters, but should be used with
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caution as not all scanners support this method.
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Two other concepts that are important are raster and vector.
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raster
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: A low level bitmap representation of an image. BMP, GIF, PCX, PNG and TIF
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are raster file formats.
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vector
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: A high level command- or data-based representation of an image. EMF, EPS
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and SVG are vector file formats. They require renderers to turn them into
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bitmaps.
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# 2. Installing Zint
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## 2.1 Linux
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The easiest way to configure compilation is to take advantage of the CMake
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utilities. You will need to install CMake and `libpng-dev` first. For instance
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on `apt` systems:
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```bash
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sudo apt install git cmake build-essential libpng-dev
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```
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If you want to take advantage of Zint Barcode Studio you will also need to have
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Qt and its component `"Desktop gcc 64-bit"` installed, as well as `mesa`. For
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details see `"README.linux"` in the project root directory.
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Once you have fulfilled these requirements unzip the source code tarball or
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clone the latest source
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```bash
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git clone https://git.code.sf.net/p/zint/code zint
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```
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and follow these steps in the top directory:
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```bash
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mkdir build
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cd build
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cmake ..
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make
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sudo make install
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```
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The CLI command line program can be accessed by typing
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```bash
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zint [options]
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```
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The GUI can be accessed by typing
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```bash
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zint-qt
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```
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To test that the installation has been successful a shell script is included in
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the `"frontend"` sub-directory. To run the test type
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```bash
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./test.sh
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```
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This should create numerous files in the sub-directory `"frontend/test_sh_out"`
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showing the many modes of operation which are available from Zint.
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## 2.2 Microsoft Windows
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For Microsoft Windows, Zint is distributed as a binary executable. Simply
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download the ZIP file, then right-click on the ZIP file and `"Extract All"`. A
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new folder will be created within which are two binary files:
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* `qtZint.exe` - Zint Barcode Studio
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* `zint.exe` - Command Line Interface
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For fresh releases you will get a warning message from Microsoft Defender
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SmartScreen that this is an 'unrecognised app'. This happens because Zint is
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a free and open-source software project with no advertising and hence no
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income, meaning we are not able to afford the $664 per year to have the
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application digitally signed by Microsoft.
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To build Zint on Windows from source, see `"win32/README"`.
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## 2.3 Apple macOS
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The latest Zint CLI and `libzint` can be installed using Homebrew.[^1] To
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install Homebrew input the following line into the macOS terminal
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```bash
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/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL \
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
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```
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Once Homebrew is installed use the following command to install the Zint.
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```bash
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brew install zint
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```
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To build from source see `"README.macos"` in the project root directory.
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[^1]: See the Homebrew website [https://brew.sh](https://brew.sh).
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## 2.4 Zint Tcl Backend
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The Tcl backend in the `"backend_tcl"` sub-directory may be built using the
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provided TEA (Tcl Extension Architecture) build on Linux, Windows, macOS and
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Android. For Windows, an MSVC6 makefile is also available.
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# 3. Using Zint Barcode Studio
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Zint Barcode Studio is the graphical user interface for Zint. If you are
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starting from a command line interface you can start the GUI by typing
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```bash
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zint-qt
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```
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or on Windows
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```bash
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qtZint.exe
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```
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See the note in section [2.2 Microsoft Windows] about Microsoft Defender
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SmartScreen.
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Below is a brief guide to Zint Barcode Studio.
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## 3.1 Main Window and Data Tab
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This is the main window of Zint Barcode Studio. The top of the window shows a
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preview of the barcode which the current settings would create. These settings
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can be changed using the controls below. The text box in the `"Data to Encode"`
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groupbox on this first Data tab allows you to enter the data to be encoded. When
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you are happy with your settings you can use the `"Save As"` button to save the
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resulting image to a file.
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The `"Symbology"` drop-down box gives access to all of the symbologies supported
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by Zint shown in alphabetical order. The text box to its right can filter the
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drop-down to only show matching symbologies. For instance typing `"mail"` will
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only show barcodes in the drop-down whose names contain the word `"mail"`. Each
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word entered will match. So typing `"mail post"` will show barcodes whose names
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contain `"mail"` or `"post"` (or both).
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The ellipsis button `"..."` to the right of the data text box invokes the Data
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Dialog - see [3.6 Data Dialog] for details. The delete button
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 next to it will clear the data text box and
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the ECI (Extended Channel Interpretations) drop-down if set.
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To set the barcode as a Programming Initialisation symbol click the
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`"Reader Init"` checkbox. The `"1234.."` button to its right invokes the
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Sequence Dialog - see [3.7 Sequence Dialog]. The zap button
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 will clear all data and reset all settings for the
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barcode to defaults.
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The `"BMP"` and `"SVG"` buttons at the bottom will copy the image to the
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clipboard in BMP format and SVG format respectively. Further copy-to-clipboard
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formats are available by clicking the `"Menu"` button, along with
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`"CLI Equivalent"`, `"Save As"`, `"Factory Reset"`, `"Help"`, `"About"` and
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`"Quit"` options. Most of the options are also available in a context menu by
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right-clicking the preview.
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## 3.2 GS1 Composite Groupbox
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In the middle of the Data tab is an area for creating composite symbologies
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which appears when the currently selected symbology is supported by the
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GS1 Composite symbology standard. GS1 data can then be entered with square
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brackets used to separate Application Identifier (AI) information from data as
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shown here. For details, see [6.3 GS1 Composite Symbols (ISO 24723)].
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## 3.3 Additional ECI/Data Segments Groupbox
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For symbologies that support ECIs (Extended Channel Interpretations) the middle
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of the Data tab is an area for entering additional data segments with their own
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ECIs. Up to 4 segments (including the main `"Data to Encode"` as segment 0) may
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be specified. See [4.15 Multiple Segments] for details.
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## 3.4 Symbology-specific Tab
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For a number of symbologies extra options are available to fine-tune the format,
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appearance and content of the symbol generated. These are given in a second tab.
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Here the method is shown for adjusting the size or error correction level of an
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Aztec Code symbol, selecting how its data is to be treated, and setting it as
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part of a Structured Append sequence of symbols.
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## 3.5 Appearance Tab
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The Appearance tab can be used to adjust the dimensions and other properties of
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the symbol.
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The `"Height"` value affects the height of symbologies which do not have a fixed
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width-to-height ratio, i.e. those other than matrix symbologies. For such
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symbologies the `"Automatic Height"` checkbox will be enabled - uncheck this to
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manually adjust the height. The `"Compliant Height"` checkbox applies to
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symbologies that define a standard height - see [4.4 Adjusting Height].
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Boundary bars can be added with the `"Border Type"` drop-down and their size
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adjusted with `"Border Width"`, and whitespace can be adjusted both horizontally
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(first spinbox) and vertically (second spinbox), and also through the
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`"Quiet Zones"` checkbox if standard quiet zones are defined for the symbology.
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The size of the saved image can be specified with `"Printing Scale"`, and also
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by clicking the  icon to invoke the "Set
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Printing Scale" dialog - see [4.9 Adjusting Image Size] for further details.
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The foreground and background colours can be set either using the text boxes
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which accept RRGGBBAA hexadecimal values or by clicking the foreground eye
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 and background eye
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 buttons which invoke a colour picker.
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(Note that to change the colours visually, the luminence slider, the long narrow
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column on the right, must be adjusted.)
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The colours can be reset to black-on-white using the `"Reset"` button, and
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exchanged one for the other using the swap  button
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next to it.
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## 3.6 Data Dialog
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Clicking on the ellipsis `"..."` button next to the `"Data to Encode"` text box
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in the Data tab opens a larger window which can be used to enter longer strings
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of text. You can also use this window to load data from a file.
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The dialog is also available for additional ECI/Data segments by clicking the
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ellipsis button to the right of their data text boxes.
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Note that if your data contains line feeds (`LF`) then the data will be split
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into separate lines in the dialog box. On saving the data back to the main text
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box any separate lines in the data will be escaped as `'\n'` and the
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`"Parse Escapes"` checkbox will be set. This only affects line feeds, not
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carriage returns (`CR`) or `CR+LF` pairs, and behaves the same on both
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Windows and Unix. (For details on escape sequences, see [4.1 Inputting Data].)
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## 3.7 Sequence Dialog
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Clicking on the sequence button (labelled `"1234.."`) in the Data tab opens the
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Sequence Dialog. This allows you to create multiple barcode images by entering a
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sequence of data inputs in the right hand panel. Sequences can also be
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automatically generated by entering parameters on the left hand side or by
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importing the data from a file. Zint will generate a separate barcode image for
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each line of text in the right hand panel. The format field determines the
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format of the automatically generated sequence where characters have the
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meanings as given below:
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| Character | Effect |
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|:-------------------|:------------------------|
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|`$` | Insert leading zeroes |
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|`#` | Insert leading spaces |
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|`*` | Insert leading asterisks|
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|Any other character | Interpreted literally |
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Table: {#tbl:sequence_format_characters tag=": Sequence Format Characters"}
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## 3.8 Export Dialog
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The Export Dialog invoked by pressing the `"Export"` button in the Sequence
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Dialog sets the parameters for exporting a sequence of barcode images. Here you
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can set the filename and the output image format. Note that the symbology,
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colour and other formatting information are taken from the main window.
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## 3.9 CLI Equivalent Dialog
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The `"CLI Equivalent"` dialog can be invoked from the main menu or the context
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menu and displays the CLI command that will reproduce the barcode as currently
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configured in the GUI. Press the `"Copy"` button to copy the command to the
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clipboard, which can then be pasted into the command line.
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# 4. Using the Command Line
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This section describes how to encode data using the command line frontend
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program. The examples given are for the Unix platform, but the same options
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are available for Windows - just remember to include the executable file
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extension if `".EXE"` is not in your `PATHEXT` environment variable, i.e.:
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```bash
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zint.exe -d "This Text"
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```
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For compatibility with Windows the examples use double quotes to delimit data,
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though on Unix single quotes are generally preferable as they stop the shell
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from processing any characters such as backslash or dollar. A single quote
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itself is dealt with by terminating the single-quoted text, backslashing the
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single quote, and then continuing:
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```bash
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zint -d 'Text containing a single quote '\'' in the middle'
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```
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Some examples use backslash (`\`) to continue commands onto the next line. For
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Windows, use caret (`^`) instead.
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Certain options that take values have short names as well as long ones, namely
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`-b` (`--barcode`), `-d` (`--data`), `-i` (`--input`), `-o` (`--output`) and
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`-w` (`--whitesp`). For these a space should be used to separate the short name
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from its value, to avoid ambiguity. For long names a space or an equals sign may
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be used. For instance:
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```bash
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zint -d "This Text"
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zint --data="This Text"
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zint --data "This Text"
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```
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The examples use a space separator for short option names, and an equals sign
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for long option names.
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## 4.1 Inputting Data
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The data to encode can be entered at the command line using the `-d` or `--data`
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option, for example
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```bash
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zint -d "This Text"
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```
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This will encode the text `"This Text"`. Zint will use the default symbology,
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Code 128, and output to the default file `"out.png"` in the current directory.
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Alternatively, if `libpng` was not present when Zint was built, the default
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output file will be `"out.gif"`.
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The data input to the Zint CLI is assumed to be encoded in UTF-8 (Unicode)
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format (Zint will correctly handle UTF-8 data on Windows). If you are encoding
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characters beyond the 7-bit ASCII set using a scheme other than UTF-8 then you
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will need to set the appropriate input options as shown in [4.10 Input Modes]
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below.
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Non-printing characters can be entered on the command line using backslash (`\`)
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as an escape character in combination with the `--esc` switch. Permissible
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sequences are shown in the table below.
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Escape ASCII Name Interpretation
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Sequence Equivalent
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---------- ---------- ----- -------------------------------------------
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`\0` 0x00 `NUL` Null character
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`\E` 0x04 `EOT` End of Transmission
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||
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`\a` 0x07 `BEL` Bell
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||
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`\b` 0x08 `BS` Backspace
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`\t` 0x09 `HT` Horizontal Tab
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`\n` 0x0A `LF` Line Feed
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||
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`\v` 0x0B `VT` Vertical Tab
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`\f` 0x0C `FF` Form Feed
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||
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`\r` 0x0D `CR` Carriage Return
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||
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`\e` 0x1B `ESC` Escape
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||
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`\G` 0x1D `GS` Group Separator
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`\R` 0x1E `RS` Record Separator
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`\\` 0x5C `\` Backslash
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`\dNNN` NNN Any 8-bit character where NNN is decimal (0-255)
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||
`\xNN` 0xNN Any 8-bit character where NN is hexadecimal
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||
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||
`\uNNNN` Any 16-bit Unicode BMP[^2] character where
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NNNN is hexadecimal
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||
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||
`\UNNNNNN` Any 21-bit Unicode character where NNNNNN
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is hexadecimal (maximum 0x10FFFF)
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Table: {#tbl:escape_sequences tag=": Escape Sequences"}
|
||
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||
[^2]: In Unicode contexts, BMP stands for Basic Multilingual Plane, the plane 0
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codeset from U+0000 to U+D7FF and U+E000 to U+FFFF (i.e. excluding surrogates).
|
||
Not to be confused with the Windows Bitmap file format BMP!
|
||
|
||
Input data can be read directly from file using the `-i` or `--input` switch as
|
||
shown below. The input file is assumed to be UTF-8 formatted unless an
|
||
alternative mode is selected. This command replaces the use of the `-d` switch.
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -i somefile.txt
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Note that except when batch processing (see [4.11 Batch Processing] below), the
|
||
file should not end with a newline (`LF` on Unix, `CR+LF` on Windows) unless you
|
||
want the newline to be encoded in the symbol.
|
||
|
||
## 4.2 Directing Output
|
||
|
||
Output can be directed to a file other than the default using the `-o` or
|
||
`--output` switch. For example:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -o here.png -d "This Text"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This draws a Code 128 barcode in the file `"here.png"`. If an Encapsulated
|
||
PostScript file is needed simply append the filename with `".eps"`, and so on
|
||
for the other supported file types:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -o there.eps -d "This Text"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The filename can contain directories and sub-directories also, which will be
|
||
created if they don't already exist:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -o "dir/subdir/filename.eps" -d "This Text"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 4.3 Selecting Barcode Type
|
||
|
||
Selecting which type of barcode you wish to produce (i.e. which symbology to
|
||
use) can be done at the command line using the `-b` or `--barcode` switch
|
||
followed by the appropriate integer value or name in the following table. For
|
||
example to create a Data Matrix symbol you could use:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b 71 -o datamatrix.png -d "Data to encode"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
or
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b DATAMATRIX -o datamatrix.png -d "Data to encode"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Names are treated case-insensitively by the CLI, and the `BARCODE_` prefix and
|
||
any underscores are optional.
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Numeric Name[^3] Barcode Name
|
||
Value
|
||
------- ------------------------ ---------------------------------------------
|
||
1 `BARCODE_CODE11` Code 11
|
||
|
||
2`*` `BARCODE_C25STANDARD` Standard Code 2 of 5
|
||
|
||
3 `BARCODE_C25INTER` Interleaved 2 of 5
|
||
|
||
4 `BARCODE_C25IATA` Code 2 of 5 IATA
|
||
|
||
6 `BARCODE_C25LOGIC` Code 2 of 5 Data Logic
|
||
|
||
7 `BARCODE_C25IND` Code 2 of 5 Industrial
|
||
|
||
8 `BARCODE_CODE39` Code 3 of 9 (Code 39)
|
||
|
||
9 `BARCODE_EXCODE39` Extended Code 3 of 9 (Code 39+)
|
||
|
||
13 `BARCODE_EANX` EAN (EAN-2, EAN-5, EAN-8 and EAN-13)
|
||
|
||
14 `BARCODE_EANX_CHK` EAN + Check Digit
|
||
|
||
16`*` `BARCODE_GS1_128` GS1-128 (UCC.EAN-128)
|
||
|
||
18 `BARCODE_CODABAR` Codabar
|
||
|
||
20 `BARCODE_CODE128` Code 128 (automatic subset switching)
|
||
|
||
21 `BARCODE_DPLEIT` Deutsche Post Leitcode
|
||
|
||
22 `BARCODE_DPIDENT` Deutsche Post Identcode
|
||
|
||
23 `BARCODE_CODE16K` Code 16K
|
||
|
||
24 `BARCODE_CODE49` Code 49
|
||
|
||
25 `BARCODE_CODE93` Code 93
|
||
|
||
28 `BARCODE_FLAT` Flattermarken
|
||
|
||
29`*` `BARCODE_DBAR_OMN` GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional (including GS1
|
||
DataBar Truncated)
|
||
|
||
30`*` `BARCODE_DBAR_LTD` GS1 DataBar Limited
|
||
|
||
31`*` `BARCODE_DBAR_EXP` GS1 DataBar Expanded
|
||
|
||
32 `BARCODE_TELEPEN` Telepen Alpha
|
||
|
||
34 `BARCODE_UPCA` UPC-A
|
||
|
||
35 `BARCODE_UPCA_CHK` UPC-A + Check Digit
|
||
|
||
37 `BARCODE_UPCE` UPC-E
|
||
|
||
38 `BARCODE_UPCE_CHK` UPC-E + Check Digit
|
||
|
||
40 `BARCODE_POSTNET` POSTNET
|
||
|
||
47 `BARCODE_MSI_PLESSEY` MSI Plessey
|
||
|
||
49 `BARCODE_FIM` FIM
|
||
|
||
50 `BARCODE_LOGMARS` LOGMARS
|
||
|
||
51 `BARCODE_PHARMA` Pharmacode One-Track
|
||
|
||
52 `BARCODE_PZN` PZN
|
||
|
||
53 `BARCODE_PHARMA_TWO` Pharmacode Two-Track
|
||
|
||
54 `BARCODE_CEPNET` Brazilian CEPNet
|
||
|
||
55 `BARCODE_PDF417` PDF417
|
||
|
||
56`*` `BARCODE_PDF417COMP` Compact PDF417 (Truncated PDF417)
|
||
|
||
57 `BARCODE_MAXICODE` MaxiCode
|
||
|
||
58 `BARCODE_QRCODE` QR Code
|
||
|
||
60 `BARCODE_CODE128AB` Code 128 (Suppress subset C)
|
||
|
||
63 `BARCODE_AUSPOST` Australia Post Standard Customer
|
||
|
||
66 `BARCODE_AUSREPLY` Australia Post Reply Paid
|
||
|
||
67 `BARCODE_AUSROUTE` Australia Post Routing
|
||
|
||
68 `BARCODE_AUSDIRECT` Australia Post Redirection
|
||
|
||
69 `BARCODE_ISBNX` ISBN (EAN-13 with verification stage)
|
||
|
||
70 `BARCODE_RM4SCC` Royal Mail 4-State Customer Code (RM4SCC)
|
||
|
||
71 `BARCODE_DATAMATRIX` Data Matrix (ECC200)
|
||
|
||
72 `BARCODE_EAN14` EAN-14
|
||
|
||
73 `BARCODE_VIN` Vehicle Identification Number
|
||
|
||
74 `BARCODE_CODABLOCKF` Codablock-F
|
||
|
||
75 `BARCODE_NVE18` NVE-18 (SSCC-18)
|
||
|
||
76 `BARCODE_JAPANPOST` Japanese Postal Code
|
||
|
||
77 `BARCODE_KOREAPOST` Korea Post
|
||
|
||
79`*` `BARCODE_DBAR_STK` GS1 DataBar Stacked
|
||
|
||
80`*` `BARCODE_DBAR_OMNSTK` GS1 DataBar Stacked Omnidirectional
|
||
|
||
81`*` `BARCODE_DBAR_EXPSTK` GS1 DataBar Expanded Stacked
|
||
|
||
82 `BARCODE_PLANET` PLANET
|
||
|
||
84 `BARCODE_MICROPDF417` MicroPDF417
|
||
|
||
85`*` `BARCODE_USPS_IMAIL` USPS Intelligent Mail (OneCode)
|
||
|
||
86 `BARCODE_PLESSEY` UK Plessey
|
||
|
||
87 `BARCODE_TELEPEN_NUM` Telepen Numeric
|
||
|
||
89 `BARCODE_ITF14` ITF-14
|
||
|
||
90 `BARCODE_KIX` Dutch Post KIX Code
|
||
|
||
92 `BARCODE_AZTEC` Aztec Code
|
||
|
||
93 `BARCODE_DAFT` DAFT Code
|
||
|
||
96 `BARCODE_DPD` DPD Code
|
||
|
||
97 `BARCODE_MICROQR` Micro QR Code
|
||
|
||
98 `BARCODE_HIBC_128` HIBC Code 128
|
||
|
||
99 `BARCODE_HIBC_39` HIBC Code 39
|
||
|
||
102 `BARCODE_HIBC_DM` HIBC Data Matrix ECC200
|
||
|
||
104 `BARCODE_HIBC_QR` HIBC QR Code
|
||
|
||
106 `BARCODE_HIBC_PDF` HIBC PDF417
|
||
|
||
108 `BARCODE_HIBC_MICPDF` HIBC MicroPDF417
|
||
|
||
110 `BARCODE_HIBC_BLOCKF` HIBC Codablock-F
|
||
|
||
112 `BARCODE_HIBC_AZTEC` HIBC Aztec Code
|
||
|
||
115 `BARCODE_DOTCODE` DotCode
|
||
|
||
116 `BARCODE_HANXIN` Han Xin (Chinese Sensible) Code
|
||
|
||
121 `BARCODE_MAILMARK` Royal Mail 4-State Mailmark
|
||
|
||
128 `BARCODE_AZRUNE` Aztec Runes
|
||
|
||
129 `BARCODE_CODE32` Code 32
|
||
|
||
130 `BARCODE_EANX_CC` Composite Symbol with EAN linear component
|
||
|
||
131`*` `BARCODE_GS1_128_CC` Composite Symbol with GS1-128 linear
|
||
component
|
||
|
||
132`*` `BARCODE_DBAR_OMN_CC` Composite Symbol with GS1 DataBar
|
||
Omnidirectional linear component
|
||
|
||
133`*` `BARCODE_DBAR_LTD_CC` Composite Symbol with GS1 DataBar Limited
|
||
linear component
|
||
|
||
134`*` `BARCODE_DBAR_EXP_CC` Composite Symbol with GS1 DataBar Expanded
|
||
linear component
|
||
|
||
135 `BARCODE_UPCA_CC` Composite Symbol with UPC-A linear component
|
||
|
||
136 `BARCODE_UPCE_CC` Composite Symbol with UPC-E linear component
|
||
|
||
137`*` `BARCODE_DBAR_STK_CC` Composite Symbol with GS1 DataBar Stacked
|
||
component
|
||
|
||
138`*` `BARCODE_DBAR_OMNSTK_CC` Composite Symbol with GS1 DataBar Stacked
|
||
Omnidirectional component
|
||
|
||
139`*` `BARCODE_DBAR_EXPSTK_CC` Composite Symbol with GS1 DataBar Expanded
|
||
Stacked component
|
||
|
||
140 `BARCODE_CHANNEL` Channel Code
|
||
|
||
141 `BARCODE_CODEONE` Code One
|
||
|
||
142 `BARCODE_GRIDMATRIX` Grid Matrix
|
||
|
||
143 `BARCODE_UPNQR` UPNQR (Univerzalnega Plačilnega Naloga QR)
|
||
|
||
144 `BARCODE_ULTRA` Ultracode
|
||
|
||
145 `BARCODE_RMQR` Rectangular Micro QR Code (rMQR)
|
||
|
||
146 `BARCODE_BC412` IBM BC412 (SEMI T1-95)
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:barcode_types tag=": Barcode Types (Symbologies)"}
|
||
|
||
[^3]: The symbologies marked with an asterisk (`*`) in Table
|
||
{@tbl:barcode_types} above used different names in Zint before version 2.9.0.
|
||
For example, symbology 29 used the name `BARCODE_RSS14`. These names are now
|
||
deprecated but are still recognised by Zint and will continue to be supported in
|
||
future versions.
|
||
|
||
## 4.4 Adjusting Height
|
||
|
||
The height of a symbol (except those with a fixed width-to-height ratio) can be
|
||
adjusted using the `--height` switch. For example:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint --height=100 -d "This Text"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This specifies a symbol height of 100 times the X-dimension of the symbol.
|
||
|
||
The default height of most linear barcodes is 50X, but this can be changed for
|
||
barcodes whose specifications give a standard height by using the switch
|
||
`--compliantheight`. For instance
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b LOGMARS -d "This Text" --compliantheight
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
will produce a barcode of height 45.455X instead of the normal default of 50X.
|
||
The flag also causes Zint to return a warning if a non-compliant height is
|
||
given:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b LOGMARS -d "This Text" --compliantheight --height=6.2
|
||
Warning 247: Height not compliant with standards
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Another switch is `--heightperrow`, which can be useful for symbologies that
|
||
have a variable number of linear rows, namely Codablock-F, Code 16K, Code 49,
|
||
GS1 DataBar Expanded Stacked, MicroPDF417 and PDF417, as it changes the
|
||
treatment of the height value from overall height to per-row height, allowing
|
||
you to specify a consistent height for each linear row without having to know
|
||
how many there are. For instance
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b PDF417 -d "This Text" --height=4 --heightperrow
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
will produce a barcode of height 32X, with each of the 8 rows 4X high.
|
||
|
||
## 4.5 Adjusting Whitespace
|
||
|
||
The amount of horizontal whitespace to the left and right of the generated
|
||
barcode can be altered using the `-w` or `--whitesp` switch. For example:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -w 10 -d "This Text"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This specifies a whitespace width of 10 times the X-dimension of the symbol
|
||
both to the left and to the right of the barcode.
|
||
|
||
The amount of vertical whitespace above and below the barcode can be altered
|
||
using the `--vwhitesp` switch. For example for 3 times the X-dimension:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint --vwhitesp=3 -d "This Text"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Note that the whitespace at the bottom appears below the text, if any.
|
||
|
||
Horizontal and vertical whitespace can of course be used together:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b DATAMATRIX --whitesp=1 --vwhitesp=1 -d "This Text"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
A `--quietzones` option is also available which adds quiet zones compliant with
|
||
the symbology's specification. This is in addition to any whitespace specified
|
||
with the `--whitesp` or `--vwhitesp` switches.
|
||
|
||
Note that Codablock-F, Code 16K, Code 49, ITF-14, EAN-2 to EAN-13, ISBN, UPC-A
|
||
and UPC-E have compliant quiet zones added by default. This can be disabled with
|
||
the option `--noquietzones`.
|
||
|
||
## 4.6 Adding Boundary Bars and Boxes
|
||
|
||
Zint allows the symbol to be bound with 'boundary bars' (also known as 'bearer
|
||
bars') using the option `--bind`. These bars help to prevent misreading of the
|
||
symbol by corrupting a scan if the scanning beam strays off the top or bottom of
|
||
the symbol. Zint can also put a border right around the symbol and its
|
||
horizontal whitespace with the `--box` option.
|
||
|
||
The width of the boundary bars or box borders must be specified using the
|
||
`--border` switch. For example:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint --box --border=10 -w 10 -d "This Text"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
gives a box with a width 10 times the X-dimension of the symbol. Note that when
|
||
specifying a box, horizontal whitespace is usually required in order to create a
|
||
quiet zone between the barcode and the sides of the box. To add a boundary bar
|
||
to the top only use `--bindtop`.
|
||
|
||
For linear symbols, horizontal boundary bars appear tight against the barcode,
|
||
inside any vertical whitespace (or text). For matrix symbols, however, where
|
||
they are decorative rather than functional, boundary bars appear outside any
|
||
whitespace.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Codablock-F, Code 16K and Code 49 always have boundary bars, and default to
|
||
particular horizontal whitespace values. Special considerations apply to ITF-14
|
||
and DPD - see [6.1.2.6 ITF-14] and [6.1.10.7 DPD Code] for those symbologies.
|
||
|
||
## 4.7 Using Colour
|
||
|
||
The default colours of a symbol are a black symbol on a white background. Zint
|
||
allows you to change this. The `-r` or `--reverse` switch allows the default
|
||
colours to be inverted so that a white symbol is shown on a black background
|
||
(known as "reflectance reversal" or "reversed reflectance"). For example the
|
||
command
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -r -d "This Text"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
gives an inverted Code 128 symbol. This is not practical for most symbologies
|
||
but white-on-black is allowed by the Aztec Code, Data Matrix, DotCode, Han Xin
|
||
Code, Grid Matrix and QR Code symbology specifications.
|
||
|
||
For more specific needs the foreground (ink) and background (paper) colours can
|
||
be specified using the `--fg` and `--bg` options followed by a number in RRGGBB
|
||
hexadecimal notation (the same system used in HTML). For example the command
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint --fg=00FF00 -d "This Text"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
alters the symbol to a bright green.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Zint also supports RGBA colour information for some output file formats which
|
||
support alpha channels (currently only PNG, SVG and TIF) in a RRGGBBAA format.
|
||
For example:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint --fg=00ff0055 -d "This Text"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
will produce a semi-transparent green foreground with standard (white)
|
||
background. Note that transparency is handled differently for raster and
|
||
vector files so that...
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint --bg=ff0000 --fg=ffffff00 ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
will give different results for PNG and SVG. Experimentation is advised!
|
||
|
||
In addition the `--nobackground` option will simply remove the background from
|
||
EMF, EPS, GIF, PNG, SVG and TIF files.
|
||
|
||
## 4.8 Rotating the Symbol
|
||
|
||
The symbol can be rotated through four orientations using the `--rotate` option
|
||
followed by the angle of rotation as shown below.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
--rotate=0 (default)
|
||
--rotate=90
|
||
--rotate=180
|
||
--rotate=270
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 4.9 Adjusting Image Size
|
||
|
||
The scale of the image can be altered using the `--scale` option followed by a
|
||
multiple of the default X-dimension. The scale is multiplied by 2 (with the
|
||
exception of MaxiCode) before being applied. The default scale is 1.
|
||
|
||
For MaxiCode, the scale is multiplied by 10 for raster output, by 40 for EMF
|
||
vector output, and by 2 otherwise (non-EMF vector output).
|
||
|
||
For raster output, the default X-dimension is 2 pixels (except for MaxiCode, see
|
||
[4.9.3 MaxiCode Raster Scaling] below). For example for PNG images a scale of 5
|
||
will increase the X-dimension to 10 pixels. Scales for raster output should be
|
||
given in increments of 0.5, i.e. 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, etc., to avoid the
|
||
X-dimension varying across the symbol due to interpolation. 0.5 increments are
|
||
also faster to render.
|
||
|
||
The minimum scale for non-dotty raster output is 0.5, giving a minimum
|
||
X-dimension of 1 pixel, and text will not be printed for scales less than 1.
|
||
The minimum scale for raster output in dotty mode is 1 (see [4.14 Working with
|
||
Dots]).
|
||
|
||
The minimum scale for vector output is 0.1, giving a minimum X-dimension of 0.2.
|
||
|
||
The maximum scale for both raster and vector is 200.
|
||
|
||
### 4.9.1 Scaling by X-dimension and Resolution
|
||
|
||
An alternative way to specify the scale which takes these details into account
|
||
is to use the `--scalexdimdp` option, which has the format
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
--scalexdimdp=X[,R]
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
where `X` is the X-dimension (in mm by default) and `R` is the resolution (in
|
||
dpmm, dots per mm, by default). `R` is optional, and defaults to 12 dpmm, and
|
||
`X` may be zero, in which case it uses a symbology-specific default. The units
|
||
may be given in inches for `X` by appending `"in"`, and in dpi (dots per inch)
|
||
for `R` by appending `"dpi"`. For example
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -d "1234" --scalexdimdp=0.013in,300dpi
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Explicit metric units may also be given by appending `"mm"` and `"dpmm"` as
|
||
appropriate, and may be mixed with U.S. units:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -d "1234" --scalexdimdp=0.33mm,300dpi
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 4.9.2 Scaling Example
|
||
|
||
The GS1 General Specifications Section 5.2.6.6 'Symbol dimensions at nominal
|
||
size' gives an example of an EAN-13 barcode using the X-dimension of 0.33mm. To
|
||
print that example as a PNG at 12 dpmm, the approximate equivalent of 300 dpi
|
||
(`dpi = dpmm * 25.4`), specify a scale of 2, since `0.33 * 12 = 3.96` pixels, or
|
||
4 pixels rounding to the nearest pixel:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b EANX -d "501234567890" --compliantheight --scale=2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This will result in output of 37.29mm x 25.56mm (WxH) at 12 dpmm. The same
|
||
result can be achieved using the `--scalexdimdp` option with
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b EANX -d "501234567890" --compliantheight --scalexdimdp=0
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
as 0.33mm is the default X-dimension for EAN, and 12 dpmm the default
|
||
resolution.
|
||
|
||
### 4.9.3 MaxiCode Raster Scaling
|
||
|
||
For MaxiCode symbols, which use hexagons, the scale for raster output is
|
||
multiplied by 10 before being applied. The 0.5 increment recommended for normal
|
||
raster output does not apply.
|
||
|
||
The minimum scale is 0.2, so the minimum X-dimension is 2 pixels. However scales
|
||
below 0.5 are not recommended and may produce symbols that are not within the
|
||
following size ranges.
|
||
|
||
MaxiCode symbols have fixed size ranges of 24.82mm to 27.93mm in width, and
|
||
23.71mm to 26.69mm in height, excluding quiet zones. The default X-dimension is
|
||
0.88mm. For example, to output at the default X-dimension at 600 dpi specify:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b MAXICODE -d "MaxiCode (19 chars)" --scalexdimdp=0,600dpi
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 4.10 Input Modes
|
||
|
||
### 4.10.1 Unicode, Data, and GS1 Modes
|
||
|
||
By default all CLI input data is assumed to be encoded in UTF-8 format. Many
|
||
barcode symbologies encode data using the Latin-1 (ISO/IEC 8859-1 plus ASCII)
|
||
character set, so input is converted from UTF-8 to Latin-1 before being put in
|
||
the symbol. In addition QR Code and its variants and Han Xin Code can by default
|
||
encode Japanese (Kanji) or Chinese (Hanzi) characters which are also converted
|
||
from UTF-8.
|
||
|
||
There are two exceptions to the Latin-1 default: Grid Matrix, whose default
|
||
character set is GB 2312 (Chinese); and UPNQR, whose default character set is
|
||
Latin-2 (ISO/IEC 8859-2 plus ASCII).
|
||
|
||
Symbology Default character sets Alternate if input not Latin-1
|
||
------------- ------------------------ ------------------------------
|
||
Aztec Code Latin-1 None
|
||
Codablock-F Latin-1 None
|
||
Code 128 Latin-1 None
|
||
Code 16K Latin-1 None
|
||
Code One Latin-1 None
|
||
Data Matrix Latin-1 None
|
||
DotCode Latin-1 None
|
||
Grid Matrix GB 2312 (includes ASCII) N/A
|
||
Han Xin Latin-1 GB 18030 (includes ASCII)
|
||
MaxiCode Latin-1 None
|
||
MicroPDF417 Latin-1 None
|
||
Micro QR Code Latin-1 Shift JIS (includes ASCII[^4])
|
||
PDF417 Latin-1 None
|
||
QR Code Latin-1 Shift JIS (see above)
|
||
rMQR Latin-1 Shift JIS (see above)
|
||
Ultracode Latin-1 None
|
||
UPNQR Latin-2 N/A
|
||
All others ASCII N/A
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:default_character_sets tag=": Default Character Sets"}
|
||
|
||
[^4]: Shift JIS (JIS X 0201 Roman) re-maps two ASCII characters: backslash (`\`)
|
||
to the yen sign (¥), and tilde (`~`) to overline (U+203E).
|
||
|
||
If Zint encounters characters which can not be encoded using the default
|
||
character encoding then it will take advantage of the ECI (Extended Channel
|
||
Interpretations) mechanism to encode the data if the symbology supports it - see
|
||
[4.10.2 Input Modes and ECI] below.
|
||
|
||
GS1 data can be encoded in a number of symbologies. Application Identifiers
|
||
(AIs) should be enclosed in `[square brackets]` followed by the data to be
|
||
encoded (see [6.1.10.3 GS1-128]). To encode GS1 data use the `--gs1` option.
|
||
GS1 mode is assumed (and doesn't need to be set) for GS1-128, EAN-14, GS1
|
||
DataBar and Composite symbologies but is also available for Aztec Code, Code
|
||
16K, Code 49, Code One, Data Matrix, DotCode, QR Code and Ultracode.
|
||
|
||
Health Industry Barcode (HIBC) data may also be encoded in the symbologies Aztec
|
||
Code, Codablock-F, Code 128, Code 39, Data Matrix, MicroPDF417, PDF417 and QR
|
||
Code. Within this mode, the leading `'+'` and the check character are
|
||
automatically added, conforming to HIBC Labeler Identification Code (HIBC LIC).
|
||
For HIBC Provider Applications Standard (HIBC PAS), preface the data with a
|
||
slash `'/'`.
|
||
|
||
The `--binary` option encodes the input data as given. Automatic code page
|
||
translation to an ECI page is disabled, and no validation of the data's encoding
|
||
takes place. This may be used for raw binary or binary encrypted data. This
|
||
switch plays together with the built-in ECI logic and examples may be found
|
||
below.
|
||
|
||
The `--fullmultibyte` option uses the multibyte modes of QR Code, Micro QR Code,
|
||
Rectangular Micro QR Code, Han Xin Code and Grid Matrix for non-ASCII data,
|
||
maximizing density. This is achieved by using compression designed for
|
||
Kanji/Hanzi characters; however some decoders take blocks which are encoded this
|
||
way and interpret them as Kanji/Hanzi characters, thus causing data corruption.
|
||
Symbols encoded with this option should be checked against decoders before they
|
||
are used. The popular open-source ZXing decoder is known to exhibit this
|
||
behaviour.
|
||
|
||
### 4.10.2 Input Modes and ECI
|
||
|
||
If your data contains characters that are not in the default character set, you
|
||
may encode it using an ECI-aware symbology and an ECI value from Table
|
||
{@tbl:eci_codes} below. The ECI information is added to your code symbol as
|
||
prefix data. The symbologies that support ECI are
|
||
|
||
------------ ------------ ------------
|
||
Aztec Code Grid Matrix PDF417
|
||
Code One Han Xin Code QR Code
|
||
Data Matrix MaxiCode rMQR
|
||
DotCode MicroPDF417 Ultracode
|
||
------------ ------------ ------------
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:eci_aware_symbologies tag=": ECI-Aware Symbologies"}
|
||
|
||
Be aware that not all barcode readers support ECI mode, so this can sometimes
|
||
lead to unreadable barcodes. If you are using characters beyond those supported
|
||
by the default character set then you should check that the resulting barcode
|
||
can be understood by your target barcode reader.
|
||
|
||
The ECI value may be specified with the `--eci` switch, followed by the value in
|
||
the column `"ECI Code"` in the table below. The input data should be UTF-8
|
||
formatted. Zint automatically translates the data into the target encoding.
|
||
|
||
ECI Code Character Encoding Scheme (ISO/IEC 8859 schemes include ASCII)
|
||
-------- --------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
3 ISO/IEC 8859-1 - Latin alphabet No. 1
|
||
4 ISO/IEC 8859-2 - Latin alphabet No. 2
|
||
5 ISO/IEC 8859-3 - Latin alphabet No. 3
|
||
6 ISO/IEC 8859-4 - Latin alphabet No. 4
|
||
7 ISO/IEC 8859-5 - Latin/Cyrillic alphabet
|
||
8 ISO/IEC 8859-6 - Latin/Arabic alphabet
|
||
9 ISO/IEC 8859-7 - Latin/Greek alphabet
|
||
10 ISO/IEC 8859-8 - Latin/Hebrew alphabet
|
||
11 ISO/IEC 8859-9 - Latin alphabet No. 5 (Turkish)
|
||
12 ISO/IEC 8859-10 - Latin alphabet No. 6 (Nordic)
|
||
13 ISO/IEC 8859-11 - Latin/Thai alphabet
|
||
15 ISO/IEC 8859-13 - Latin alphabet No. 7 (Baltic)
|
||
16 ISO/IEC 8859-14 - Latin alphabet No. 8 (Celtic)
|
||
17 ISO/IEC 8859-15 - Latin alphabet No. 9
|
||
18 ISO/IEC 8859-16 - Latin alphabet No. 10
|
||
20 Shift JIS (JIS X 0208 and JIS X 0201)
|
||
21 Windows 1250 - Latin 2 (Central Europe)
|
||
22 Windows 1251 - Cyrillic
|
||
23 Windows 1252 - Latin 1
|
||
24 Windows 1256 - Arabic
|
||
25 UTF-16BE (High order byte first)
|
||
26 UTF-8
|
||
27 ASCII (ISO/IEC 646 IRV)
|
||
28 Big5 (Taiwan) Chinese Character Set
|
||
29 GB 2312 (PRC) Chinese Character Set
|
||
30 Korean Character Set EUC-KR (KS X 1001:2002)
|
||
31 GBK Chinese Character Set
|
||
32 GB 18030 Chinese Character Set
|
||
33 UTF-16LE (Low order byte first)
|
||
34 UTF-32BE (High order bytes first)
|
||
35 UTF-32LE (Low order bytes first)
|
||
170 ISO/IEC 646 Invariant[^5]
|
||
899 8-bit binary data
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:eci_codes tag=": ECI Codes"}
|
||
|
||
[^5]: ISO/IEC 646 Invariant is a subset of ASCII with 12 characters undefined:
|
||
`#`, `$`, `@`, `[`, `\`, `]`, `^`, `` ` ``, `{`, `|`, `}`, `~`.
|
||
|
||
An ECI value of 0 does not encode any ECI information in the code symbol (unless
|
||
the data contains non-default character set characters). In this case, the
|
||
default character set applies (see Table @tbl:default_character_sets above).
|
||
|
||
If no ECI is specified or a value of 0 is given, and the data does contain
|
||
characters other than in the default character set, then Zint will automatically
|
||
insert the appropriate single-byte ECI if possible (ECIs 3 to 24, excluding ECI
|
||
20), or failing that ECI 26 (UTF-8). A warning will be generated. This mechanism
|
||
is not applied if the `--binary` option is given.
|
||
|
||
Multiple ECIs can be specified using the `--segN` options - see [4.15 Multiple
|
||
Segments].
|
||
|
||
Note: the `--eci=3` specification should only be used for special purposes.
|
||
Using this parameter, the ECI information is explicitly added to the symbol.
|
||
Nevertheless, for ECI Code 3, this is not usually required, as this is the
|
||
default encoding for most barcodes, which is also active without any ECI
|
||
information.
|
||
|
||
#### 4.10.2.1 Input Modes and ECI Example 1
|
||
|
||
The Euro sign U+20AC can be encoded in ISO/IEC 8859-15. The Euro sign has the
|
||
ISO/IEC 8859-15 codepoint hex `"A4"`. It is encoded in UTF-8 as the hex
|
||
sequence: `"E2 82 AC"`. Those 3 bytes are contained in the file
|
||
`"utf8euro.txt"`. This command will generate the corresponding code:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b 71 --scale=10 --eci=17 -i utf8euro.txt
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This is equivalent to the commands (using the `--esc` switch):
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b 71 --scale=10 --eci=17 --esc -d "\xE2\x82\xAC"
|
||
|
||
zint -b 71 --scale=10 --eci=17 --esc -d "\u20AC"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
and to the command:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b 71 --scale=10 --eci=17 -d "€"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### 4.10.2.2 Input Modes and ECI Example 2
|
||
|
||
The Chinese character with the Unicode codepoint U+5E38 can be encoded in Big5
|
||
encoding. The Big5 representation of this character is the two hex bytes:
|
||
`"B1 60"` (contained in the file `"big5char.txt"`). The generation command for
|
||
Data Matrix is:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b 71 --scale=10 --eci=28 --binary -i big5char.txt
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This is equivalent to the command (using the `--esc` switch):
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b 71 --scale=10 --eci=28 --binary --esc -d "\xB1\x60"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
and to the commands (no `--binary` switch so conversion occurs):
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b 71 --scale=10 --eci=28 --esc -d "\xE5\xB8\xB8"
|
||
|
||
zint -b 71 --scale=10 --eci=28 --esc -d "\u5E38"
|
||
|
||
zint -b 71 --scale=10 --eci=28 -d "常"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### 4.10.2.3 Input Modes and ECI Example 3
|
||
|
||
Some decoders (in particular mobile app ones) for QR Code assume UTF-8 encoding
|
||
by default and do not support ECI. In this case supply UTF-8 data and use the
|
||
`--binary` switch so that the data will be encoded as UTF-8 without conversion:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b 58 --binary -d "UTF-8 data"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 4.11 Batch Processing
|
||
|
||
Data can be batch processed by reading from a text file and producing a
|
||
separate barcode image for each line of text in that file. To do this use the
|
||
`--batch` switch. To select the input file from which to read data use the `-i`
|
||
option. Zint will automatically detect the end of a line of text (in either
|
||
Unix or Windows formatted text files) and produce a symbol each time it finds
|
||
this. Input files should end with a line feed character - if this is not present
|
||
then Zint will not encode the last line of text, and will warn you that there
|
||
is a problem.
|
||
|
||
By default Zint will output numbered filenames starting with `00001.png`,
|
||
`00002.png` etc. To change this behaviour use the `-o` option in combination
|
||
with `--batch` using special characters in the output filename as shown in the
|
||
table below:
|
||
|
||
Input Character Interpretation
|
||
--------------- ------------------------------------------
|
||
`~` Insert a number or 0
|
||
`#` Insert a number or space
|
||
`@` Insert a number or `*` (or `+` on Windows)
|
||
Any other Insert literally
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:batch_filename_formatting tag=": Batch Filename Formatting"}
|
||
|
||
The following table shows some examples to clarify this method:
|
||
|
||
Input Filenames Generated
|
||
----------------- ---------------------------------------------------
|
||
`-o file~~~.svg` `file001.svg`, `file002.svg`, `file003.svg`
|
||
`-o @@@@bar.png` `***1.png`, `***2.png`, `***3.png` (except Windows)
|
||
`-o @@@@bar.png` `+++1.png`, `+++2.png`, `+++3.png` (on Windows)
|
||
`-o my~~~bar.eps` `my001.bar.eps`, `my002.bar.eps`, `my003bar.eps`
|
||
`-o t@es~t~.png` `t*es0t1.png`, `t*es0t2.png`, `t*es0t3.png`
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:batch_filename_examples tag=": Batch Filename Examples"}
|
||
|
||
The special characters can span directories also, which is useful when creating
|
||
a large number of barcodes:
|
||
|
||
Input Filenames Generated
|
||
-------------------- ------------------------------------------------------
|
||
`-o dir~/file~~~.svg` `dir0/file001.svg`, `dir0/file002.svg`, ...
|
||
, `dir0/file999.svg`, `dir1/file000.svg`, ...
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:batch_dir_examples tag=": Batch Directory Examples"}
|
||
|
||
## 4.12 Direct Output
|
||
|
||
The finished image files can be output directly to stdout for use as part of a
|
||
pipe by using the `--direct` option. By default `--direct` will output data as a
|
||
PNG image (or GIF image if `libpng` is not present), but this can be altered by
|
||
supplementing the `--direct` option with a `--filetype` option followed by the
|
||
suffix of the file type required. For example:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b 84 --direct --filetype=pcx -d "Data to encode"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This command will output the symbol as a PCX file to stdout. The currently
|
||
supported output file formats are shown in the following table.
|
||
|
||
Abbreviation File format
|
||
------------ ---------------------------
|
||
BMP Windows Bitmap
|
||
EMF Enhanced Metafile Format
|
||
EPS Encapsulated PostScript
|
||
GIF Graphics Interchange Format
|
||
PCX ZSoft Paintbrush image
|
||
PNG Portable Network Graphic
|
||
SVG Scalable Vector Graphic
|
||
TIF Tagged Image File Format
|
||
TXT Text file (see [4.18 Other Output Options])
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:output_file_formats tag=": Output File Formats"}
|
||
|
||
* * *
|
||
CAUTION: Outputting binary files to the command shell without catching that
|
||
data in a pipe can have unpredictable results. Use with care!
|
||
|
||
* * *
|
||
|
||
## 4.13 Automatic Filenames
|
||
|
||
The `--mirror` option instructs Zint to use the data to be encoded as an
|
||
indicator of the filename to be used. This is particularly useful if you are
|
||
processing batch data. For example the input data `"1234567"` will result in
|
||
a file named `"1234567.png"`.
|
||
|
||
There are restrictions, however, on what characters can be stored in a filename,
|
||
so the filename may vary from the data if the data includes non-printable
|
||
characters, for example, and may be shortened if the data input is long.
|
||
|
||
To set the output file format use the `--filetype` option as detailed above in
|
||
[4.12 Direct Output].
|
||
|
||
## 4.14 Working with Dots
|
||
|
||
Matrix codes can be rendered as a series of dots or circles rather than the
|
||
normal squares by using the `--dotty` option. This option is only available for
|
||
matrix symbologies, and is automatically selected for DotCode. The size of
|
||
the dots can be adjusted using the `--dotsize` option followed by the diameter
|
||
of the dot, where that diameter is given as a multiple of the X-dimension. The
|
||
minimum dot size is 0.01, the maximum is 20. The default size is 0.8.
|
||
|
||
The default and minimum scale for raster output in dotty mode is 1.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 4.15 Multiple Segments
|
||
|
||
If you need to specify different ECIs for different sections of the input data,
|
||
the `--seg1` to `--seg9` options can be used. Each option is of the form
|
||
`--segN=ECI,data` where `ECI` is the ECI code (see Table {@tbl:eci_codes}) and
|
||
`data` is the data to which this applies. This is in addition to the ECI and
|
||
data specified using the `--eci` and `-d` options which must still be present
|
||
and which in effect constitute segment 0. For instance
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b AZTEC_CODE --eci=9 -d "Κείμενο" --seg1=7,"Текст" --seg2=20,"文章"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
specifies 3 segments: segment 0 with ECI 9 (Greek), segment 1 with ECI 7
|
||
(Cyrillic), and segment 2 with ECI 20 (Shift JIS). Segments must be consecutive.
|
||
|
||
The symbology must be ECI-aware (see Table {@tbl:eci_aware_symbologies}).
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
ECIs of zero may be given, in which case Zint will automatically determine an
|
||
ECI if necessary, as described in section [4.10.2 Input Modes and ECI].
|
||
|
||
Multiple segments are not currently supported for use with GS1 data.
|
||
|
||
## 4.16 Structured Append
|
||
|
||
Structured Append is a method of splitting data among several symbols so that
|
||
they form a sequence that can be scanned and re-assembled in the correct order
|
||
on reading, and is available for Aztec Code, Code One, Data Matrix, DotCode,
|
||
Grid Matrix, MaxiCode, MicroPDF417, PDF417, QR Code and Ultracode.
|
||
|
||
The `--structapp` option marks a symbol as part of a Structured Append sequence,
|
||
and has the format
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
--structapp=I,C[,ID]
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
where `I` is the index (position) of the symbol in the Structured Append
|
||
sequence, `C` is the count or total number of symbols in the sequence, and `ID`
|
||
is an optional identifier (not available for Code One, DotCode or MaxiCode) that
|
||
is the same for all symbols belonging to the same sequence. The index is 1-based
|
||
and goes from 1 to count. Count must be 2 or more. See the individual
|
||
symbologies for further details.
|
||
|
||
## 4.17 Help Options
|
||
|
||
There are three help options which give information about how to use the
|
||
command line. The `-h` or `--help` option will display a list of all of the
|
||
valid options available, and also gives the exact version of the software
|
||
(the version by itself can be displayed with `-v` or `--version`).
|
||
|
||
The `-t` or `--types` option gives the table of symbologies along with the
|
||
symbol ID numbers and names.
|
||
|
||
The `-e` or `--ecinos` option gives a list of the ECI codes.
|
||
|
||
## 4.18 Other Output Options
|
||
|
||
For linear barcodes the text present in the output image can be removed by
|
||
using the `--notext` option.
|
||
|
||
The text can be set to bold using the `--bold` option, or a smaller font
|
||
can be substituted using the `--small` option. The `--bold` and `--small`
|
||
options can be used together if required, but only for vector output.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Zint can output a representation of the symbol data as a set of hexadecimal
|
||
values if asked to output to a text file (`"*.txt"`) or if given the option
|
||
`--filetype=txt`. This can be used for test and diagnostic purposes.
|
||
|
||
The `--cmyk` option is specific to output in Encapsulated PostScript and TIF,
|
||
and converts the RGB colours used to the CMYK colour space. Setting custom
|
||
colours at the command line will still need to be done in RRGGBB format.
|
||
|
||
Additional options are available which are specific to certain symbologies.
|
||
These may, for example, control the amount of error correction data or the
|
||
size of the symbol. These options are discussed in section [6. Types of
|
||
Symbology] of this guide.
|
||
|
||
|
||
# 5. Using the API
|
||
|
||
Zint has been written using the C language and has an API for use with C/C++
|
||
language programs. A Qt interface is available in the `"backend_qt"`
|
||
sub-directory, and a Tcl interface is available in the `"backend_tcl"`
|
||
sub-directory.
|
||
|
||
The `libzint` API has been designed to be very similar to that used by the GNU
|
||
Barcode package. This allows easy migration from GNU Barcode to Zint. Zint,
|
||
however, uses none of the same function names or option names as GNU Barcode.
|
||
This allows you to use both packages in your application without conflict if
|
||
you wish.
|
||
|
||
## 5.1 Creating and Deleting Symbols
|
||
|
||
The symbols manipulated by Zint are held in a `zint_symbol` structure defined in
|
||
`"zint.h"`. These symbols are created with the `ZBarcode_Create()` function and
|
||
deleted using the `ZBarcode_Delete()` function. For example the following code
|
||
creates and then deletes a symbol:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
#include <zint.h>
|
||
#include <stdio.h>
|
||
int main()
|
||
{
|
||
struct zint_symbol *my_symbol;
|
||
my_symbol = ZBarcode_Create();
|
||
if (my_symbol != NULL) {
|
||
printf("Symbol successfully created!\n");
|
||
}
|
||
ZBarcode_Delete(my_symbol);
|
||
return 0;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
When compiling this code it will need to be linked with the `libzint` library
|
||
using the `-lzint` option:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
gcc -o simple simple.c -lzint
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 5.2 Encoding and Saving to File
|
||
|
||
To encode data in a barcode use the `ZBarcode_Encode()` function. To write the
|
||
symbol to a file use the `ZBarcode_Print()` function. For example the following
|
||
code takes a string from the command line and outputs a Code 128 symbol in a
|
||
PNG file named `"out.png"` (or a GIF file called `"out.gif"` if `libpng` is not
|
||
present) in the current working directory:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
#include <zint.h>
|
||
int main(int argc, char **argv)
|
||
{
|
||
struct zint_symbol *my_symbol;
|
||
my_symbol = ZBarcode_Create();
|
||
ZBarcode_Encode(my_symbol, argv[1], 0);
|
||
ZBarcode_Print(my_symbol, 0);
|
||
ZBarcode_Delete(my_symbol);
|
||
return 0;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This can also be done in one stage using the `ZBarcode_Encode_and_Print()`
|
||
function as shown in the next example:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
#include <zint.h>
|
||
int main(int argc, char **argv)
|
||
{
|
||
struct zint_symbol *my_symbol;
|
||
my_symbol = ZBarcode_Create();
|
||
ZBarcode_Encode_and_Print(my_symbol, argv[1], 0, 0);
|
||
ZBarcode_Delete(my_symbol);
|
||
return 0;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Note that when using the API, the input data is assumed to be 8-bit binary
|
||
unless the `input_mode` variable in the `zint_symbol` structure is set - see
|
||
[5.10 Setting the Input Mode] for details.
|
||
|
||
## 5.3 Encoding and Printing Functions in Depth
|
||
|
||
The functions for encoding and printing barcodes are defined as:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
int ZBarcode_Encode(struct zint_symbol *symbol,
|
||
const unsigned char *source, int length);
|
||
|
||
int ZBarcode_Encode_File(struct zint_symbol *symbol,
|
||
const char *filename);
|
||
|
||
int ZBarcode_Print(struct zint_symbol *symbol, int rotate_angle);
|
||
|
||
int ZBarcode_Encode_and_Print(struct zint_symbol *symbol,
|
||
const unsigned char *source, int length, int rotate_angle);
|
||
|
||
int ZBarcode_Encode_File_and_Print(struct zint_symbol *symbol,
|
||
const char *filename, int rotate_angle);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
In these definitions `length` can be used to set the length of the input
|
||
string. This allows the encoding of `NUL` (ASCII 0) characters in those
|
||
symbologies which allow this. A value of 0 will disable this usage and Zint
|
||
will encode data up to the first `NUL` character in the input string, which must
|
||
be present.
|
||
|
||
The `rotate_angle` value can be used to rotate the image when outputting. Valid
|
||
values are 0, 90, 180 and 270.
|
||
|
||
The `ZBarcode_Encode_File()` and `ZBarcode_Encode_File_and_Print()` functions
|
||
can be used to encode data read directly from a text file where the filename is
|
||
given in the `NUL`-terminated `filename` string.
|
||
|
||
If printing more than one barcode, the `zint_symbol` structure may be re-used by
|
||
calling the `ZBarcode_Clear()` function after each barcode to free any output
|
||
buffers allocated. The `zint_symbol` input variables must be reset.
|
||
|
||
## 5.4 Buffering Symbols in Memory (raster)
|
||
|
||
In addition to saving barcode images to file Zint allows you to access a
|
||
representation of the resulting bitmap image in memory. The following functions
|
||
allow you to do this:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
int ZBarcode_Buffer(struct zint_symbol *symbol, int rotate_angle);
|
||
|
||
int ZBarcode_Encode_and_Buffer(struct zint_symbol *symbol,
|
||
const unsigned char *source, int length, int rotate_angle);
|
||
|
||
int ZBarcode_Encode_File_and_Buffer(struct zint_symbol *symbol,
|
||
const char *filename, int rotate_angle);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The arguments here are the same as above. The difference is that instead of
|
||
saving the image to a file it is placed in an unsigned character array. The
|
||
`bitmap` pointer is set to the first memory location in the array and the values
|
||
`barcode_width` and `barcode_height` indicate the size of the resulting image
|
||
in pixels. Rotation and colour options can be used with the buffer functions in
|
||
the same way as when saving to a file. The pixel data can be extracted from the
|
||
array by the method shown in the example below where `render_pixel()` is assumed
|
||
to be a function for drawing a pixel on the screen implemented by the external
|
||
application:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
int row, col, i = 0;
|
||
int red, blue, green;
|
||
|
||
for (row = 0; row < my_symbol->bitmap_height; row++) {
|
||
for (col = 0; col < my_symbol->bitmap_width; col++) {
|
||
red = (int) my_symbol->bitmap[i];
|
||
green = (int) my_symbol->bitmap[i + 1];
|
||
blue = (int) my_symbol->bitmap[i + 2];
|
||
render_pixel(row, col, red, green, blue);
|
||
i += 3;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Where speed is important, the buffer can be returned instead in a more compact
|
||
intermediate form using the output option `OUT_BUFFER_INTERMEDIATE`. Here each
|
||
byte is an ASCII value: `'1'` for foreground colour and `'0'` for background
|
||
colour, except for Ultracode, which also uses colour codes: `'W'` for white,
|
||
`'C'` for cyan, `'B'` for blue, `'M'` for magenta, `'R'` for red, `'Y'` for
|
||
yellow, `'G'` for green, and `'K'` for black. The loop for accessing the data is
|
||
then:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
int row, col, i = 0;
|
||
|
||
for (row = 0; row < my_symbol->bitmap_height; row++) {
|
||
for (col = 0; col < my_symbol->bitmap_width; col++) {
|
||
render_pixel(row, col, my_symbol->bitmap[i]);
|
||
i++;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 5.5 Buffering Symbols in Memory (vector)
|
||
|
||
Symbols can also be saved to memory in a vector representation as well as a
|
||
bitmap one. The following functions, exactly analogous to the ones above, allow
|
||
you to do this:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
int ZBarcode_Buffer_Vector(struct zint_symbol *symbol, int rotate_angle);
|
||
|
||
int ZBarcode_Encode_and_Buffer_Vector(struct zint_symbol *symbol,
|
||
const unsigned char *source, int length, int rotate_angle);
|
||
|
||
int ZBarcode_Encode_File_and_Buffer_Vector(struct zint_symbol *symbol,
|
||
const char *filename, int rotate_angle);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Here the `vector` pointer is set to a header which contains pointers to lists
|
||
of structures representing the various elements of the barcode: rectangles,
|
||
hexagons, strings and circles. To draw the barcode, each of the element types is
|
||
iterated in turn, and using the information stored is drawn by a rendering
|
||
system. For instance, to draw a barcode using a rendering system with
|
||
`prepare_canvas()`, `draw_rect()`, `draw_hexagon()`, `draw_string()`, and
|
||
`draw_circle()` routines available:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
struct zint_vector_rect *rect;
|
||
struct zint_vector_hexagon *hexagon;
|
||
struct zint_vector_string *string;
|
||
struct zint_vector_circle *circle;
|
||
|
||
prepare_canvas(my_symbol->vector->width, my_symbol->vector->height,
|
||
my_symbol->scale, my_symbol->fgcolour, my_symbol->bgcolor,
|
||
rotate_angle);
|
||
|
||
for (rect = my_symbol->vector->rectangles; rect; rect = rect->next) {
|
||
draw_rect(rect->x, rect->y, rect->width, rect->height,
|
||
rect->colour);
|
||
}
|
||
for (hexagon = my_symbol->vector->hexagons; hexagon; hexagon = hexagon->next) {
|
||
draw_hexagon(hexagon->x, hexagon->y, hexagon->diameter,
|
||
hexagon->rotation);
|
||
}
|
||
for (string = my_symbol->vector->strings; string; string = string->next) {
|
||
draw_string(string->x, string->y, string->fsize,
|
||
string->rotation, string->halign,
|
||
string->text, string->length);
|
||
}
|
||
for (circle = my_symbol->vector->circles; circle; circle = circle->next) {
|
||
draw_circle(circle->x, circle->y, circle->diameter,
|
||
circle->width, circle->colour);
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 5.6 Setting Options
|
||
|
||
So far our application is not very useful unless we plan to only make Code 128
|
||
symbols and we don't mind that they only save to `"out.png"`. As with the CLI
|
||
program, of course, these options can be altered. The way this is done is by
|
||
altering the contents of the `zint_symbol` structure between the creation and
|
||
encoding stages. The `zint_symbol` structure consists of the following
|
||
variables:
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Variable Name Type Meaning Default Value
|
||
-------------------- ---------- --------------------------- -----------------
|
||
`symbology` integer Symbol to use (see [5.8 `BARCODE_CODE128`
|
||
Specifying a Symbology]).
|
||
|
||
`height` float Symbol height, excluding Symbol dependent
|
||
fixed width-to-height
|
||
symbols.[^6]
|
||
|
||
`scale` float Scale factor for adjusting 1.0
|
||
size of image.
|
||
|
||
`whitespace_width` integer Horizontal whitespace width. 0
|
||
|
||
`whitespace_height` integer Vertical whitespace height. 0
|
||
|
||
`border_width` integer Border width. 0
|
||
|
||
`output_options` integer Set various output file 0 (none)
|
||
parameters (see [5.9
|
||
Adjusting Other Output
|
||
Options]).
|
||
|
||
`fgcolour` character Foreground (ink) `"000000"`
|
||
string colour as RGB/RGBA
|
||
hexadecimal string. Must be
|
||
6 or 8 characters followed
|
||
by a terminating `NUL`.
|
||
|
||
`bgcolour` character Background (paper) `"ffffff"`
|
||
string colour as RGB/RGBA
|
||
hexadecimal string. Must be
|
||
6 or 8 characters followed
|
||
by a terminating `NUL`.
|
||
|
||
`fgcolor` pointer Points to fgcolour allowing
|
||
alternate spelling.
|
||
|
||
`bgcolor` pointer Points to bgcolour allowing
|
||
alternate spelling.
|
||
|
||
`outfile` character Contains the name of the `"out.png"`
|
||
string file to output a resulting
|
||
barcode symbol to. Must end
|
||
in `.png`, `.gif`, `.bmp`,
|
||
`.emf`, `.eps`, `.pcx`,
|
||
`.svg`, `.tif` or `.txt`
|
||
followed by a terminating
|
||
`NUL`.
|
||
|
||
`primary` character Primary message data for `""` (empty)
|
||
string more complex symbols, with
|
||
a terminating `NUL`.
|
||
|
||
`option_1` integer Symbol specific options. -1
|
||
|
||
`option_2` integer Symbol specific options. 0
|
||
|
||
`option_3` integer Symbol specific options. 0
|
||
|
||
`show_hrt` integer Set to 0 to hide text. 1
|
||
|
||
`input_mode` integer Set encoding of input `DATA_MODE`
|
||
data (see [5.10 Setting the
|
||
Input Mode]).
|
||
|
||
`eci` integer Extended Channel 0 (none)
|
||
Interpretation code.
|
||
|
||
`dpmm` float Resolution of output in dots 0 (none)
|
||
per mm (BMP/EMF/PCX/PNG/TIF
|
||
only).
|
||
|
||
`dot_size` float Diameter of dots used in 0.8
|
||
dotty mode.
|
||
|
||
`guard_descent` float Height of guard bar 5.0
|
||
descent (EAN/UPC only).
|
||
|
||
`structapp` Structured Mark a symbol as part of a count 0
|
||
Append sequence of symbols. (disabled)
|
||
structure
|
||
|
||
`warn_level` integer Affects error/warning value `WARN_DEFAULT`
|
||
returned by Zint API (see
|
||
[5.7 Handling Errors]).
|
||
|
||
`text` unsigned Human Readable Text, which `""` (empty)
|
||
character usually consists of input (output only)
|
||
string data plus one more check
|
||
digit. Uses UTF-8
|
||
formatting, with a
|
||
terminating `NUL`.
|
||
|
||
`rows` integer Number of rows used by the (output only)
|
||
symbol.
|
||
|
||
`width` integer Width of the generated (output only)
|
||
symbol.
|
||
|
||
`encoding_data` array of Representation of the (output only)
|
||
unsigned encoded data.
|
||
character
|
||
arrays
|
||
|
||
`row_height` array of Representation of the (output only)
|
||
floats height of a row.
|
||
|
||
`errtxt` character Error message in the event (output only)
|
||
string that an error occurred,
|
||
with a terminating `NUL`.
|
||
|
||
`bitmap` pointer to Pointer to stored bitmap (output only)
|
||
unsigned image.
|
||
character
|
||
array
|
||
|
||
`bitmap_width` integer Width of stored bitmap (output only)
|
||
image (in pixels).
|
||
|
||
`bitmap_height` integer Height of stored bitmap (output only)
|
||
image (in pixels).
|
||
|
||
`alphamap` pointer to Pointer to array (output only)
|
||
unsigned representing alpha channel
|
||
character (or `NULL` if no alpha
|
||
array channel needed).
|
||
|
||
`bitmap_byte_length` integer Size of BMP bitmap data. (output only)
|
||
|
||
`vector` pointer to Pointer to vector header (output only)
|
||
vector containing pointers to
|
||
structure vector elements.
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Table: API Structure `zint_symbol` {#tbl:api_structure_zint_symbol tag="$ $"}
|
||
|
||
[^6]: The `height` value is ignored for Aztec (including HIBC and Aztec Rune),
|
||
Code One, Data Matrix (including HIBC), DotCode, Grid Matrix, Han Xin, MaxiCode,
|
||
QR Code (including HIBC, Micro QR, rMQR and UPNQR), and Ultracode - all of which
|
||
have a fixed width-to-height ratio (or, in the case of Code One, a fixed
|
||
height).
|
||
|
||
To alter these values use the syntax shown in the example below. This code has
|
||
the same result as the previous example except the output is now taller and
|
||
plotted in green.
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
#include <zint.h>
|
||
#include <string.h>
|
||
int main(int argc, char **argv)
|
||
{
|
||
struct zint_symbol *my_symbol;
|
||
my_symbol = ZBarcode_Create();
|
||
strcpy(my_symbol->fgcolour, "00ff00");
|
||
my_symbol->height = 400.0f;
|
||
ZBarcode_Encode_and_Print(my_symbol, argv[1], 0, 0);
|
||
ZBarcode_Delete(my_symbol);
|
||
return 0;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Background removal for EMF, EPS, GIF, PNG, SVG and TIF files can be achieved by
|
||
setting the background alpha to `"00"` where the values for R, G and B will be
|
||
ignored:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
strcpy(my_symbol->bgcolour, "55555500");
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 5.7 Handling Errors
|
||
|
||
If errors occur during encoding a non-zero integer value is passed back to the
|
||
calling application. In addition the `errtxt` variable is used to give a message
|
||
detailing the nature of the error. The errors generated by Zint are given in the
|
||
table below:
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Return Value Meaning
|
||
----------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
|
||
`ZINT_WARN_INVALID_OPTION` One of the values in `zint_struct` was set
|
||
incorrectly but Zint has made a guess at what it
|
||
should have been and generated a barcode
|
||
accordingly.
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_WARN_USES_ECI` Zint has automatically inserted an ECI character.
|
||
The symbol may not be readable with some readers.
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_WARN_NONCOMPLIANT` The symbol was created but is not compliant with
|
||
certain standards set in its specification (e.g.
|
||
height, GS1 AI data lengths).
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_ERROR` Marks the divide between warnings and errors. For
|
||
return values greater than or equal to this no
|
||
symbol (or only an incomplete symbol) is
|
||
generated.
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_ERROR_TOO_LONG` The input data is too long or too short for the
|
||
selected symbology. No symbol has been generated.
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_ERROR_INVALID_DATA` The data to be encoded includes characters which
|
||
are not permitted by the selected symbology (e.g.
|
||
alphabetic characters in an EAN symbol). No
|
||
symbol has been generated.
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_ERROR_INVALID_CHECK` Data with an incorrect check digit has been
|
||
entered. No symbol has been generated.
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_ERROR_INVALID_OPTION` One of the values in `zint_struct` was set
|
||
incorrectly and Zint was unable to guess what it
|
||
should have been. No symbol has been generated.
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_ERROR_ENCODING_PROBLEM` A problem has occurred during encoding of the
|
||
data. This should never happen. Please contact
|
||
the developer if you encounter this error.
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_ERROR_FILE_ACCESS` Zint was unable to open the requested output
|
||
file. This is usually a file permissions problem.
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_ERROR_MEMORY` Zint ran out of memory. This should only be a
|
||
problem with legacy systems.
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_ERROR_FILE_WRITE` Zint failed to write all contents to the
|
||
requested output file. This should only occur if
|
||
the output device becomes full.
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_ERROR_USES_ECI` Returned if `warn_level` set to `WARN_FAIL_ALL`
|
||
and `ZINT_WARN_USES_ECI` occurs.
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_ERROR_NONCOMPLIANT` Returned if `warn_level` set to `WARN_FAIL_ALL`
|
||
and `ZINT_WARN_NONCOMPLIANT` occurs.
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:api_warnings_errors tag=": API Warning and Error Return Values"}
|
||
|
||
To catch errors use an integer variable as shown in the code below:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
#include <zint.h>
|
||
#include <stdio.h>
|
||
#include <string.h>
|
||
int main(int argc, char **argv)
|
||
{
|
||
struct zint_symbol *my_symbol;
|
||
int error;
|
||
my_symbol = ZBarcode_Create();
|
||
strcpy(my_symbol->fgcolour, "nonsense");
|
||
error = ZBarcode_Encode_and_Print(my_symbol, argv[1], 0, 0);
|
||
if (error != 0) {
|
||
/* some warning or error occurred */
|
||
printf("%s\n", my_symbol->errtxt);
|
||
}
|
||
if (error >= ZINT_ERROR) {
|
||
/* stop now */
|
||
ZBarcode_Delete(my_symbol);
|
||
return 1;
|
||
}
|
||
/* otherwise carry on with the rest of the application */
|
||
ZBarcode_Delete(my_symbol);
|
||
return 0;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This code will exit with the appropriate message:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
Error 653: Malformed foreground colour 'NONSENSE' (hexadecimal only)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
To treat all warnings as errors, set `symbol->warn_level` to `WARN_FAIL_ALL`.
|
||
|
||
## 5.8 Specifying a Symbology
|
||
|
||
Symbologies can be specified by number or by name as shown in the Table
|
||
{@tbl:barcode_types}. For example
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
symbol->symbology = BARCODE_LOGMARS;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
means the same as
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
symbol->symbology = 50;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 5.9 Adjusting Other Output Options
|
||
|
||
The `output_options` variable can be used to adjust various aspects of the
|
||
output file. To select more than one option from the table below simply `OR`
|
||
them together when adjusting this value:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
my_symbol->output_options |= BARCODE_BIND | READER_INIT;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Value Effect
|
||
------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
|
||
0 No options selected.
|
||
|
||
`BARCODE_BIND_TOP` Boundary bar above the symbol only.[^7]
|
||
|
||
`BARCODE_BIND` Boundary bars above and below the symbol and between
|
||
rows if stacking multiple symbols.[^8]
|
||
|
||
`BARCODE_BOX` Add a box surrounding the symbol and whitespace.
|
||
|
||
`BARCODE_STDOUT` Output the file to stdout.
|
||
|
||
`READER_INIT` Create as a Reader Initialisation (Programming)
|
||
symbol.
|
||
|
||
`SMALL_TEXT` Use a smaller font for the Human Readable Text.
|
||
|
||
`BOLD_TEXT` Embolden the Human Readable Text.
|
||
|
||
`CMYK_COLOUR` Select the CMYK colour space option for Encapsulated
|
||
PostScript and TIF files.
|
||
|
||
`BARCODE_DOTTY_MODE` Plot a matrix symbol using dots rather than squares.
|
||
|
||
`GS1_GS_SEPARATOR` Use GS instead of FNC1 as GS1 separator (Data Matrix
|
||
only).
|
||
|
||
`OUT_BUFFER_INTERMEDIATE` Return the bitmap buffer as ASCII values instead of
|
||
separate colour channels (`OUT_BUFFER` only).
|
||
|
||
`BARCODE_QUIET_ZONES` Add compliant quiet zones (additional to any
|
||
specified whitespace).[^9]
|
||
|
||
`BARCODE_NO_QUIET_ZONES` Disable quiet zones, notably those with defaults.
|
||
|
||
`COMPLIANT_HEIGHT` Warn if height not compliant and use standard height
|
||
(if any) as default.
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Table: API `output_options` Values {#tbl:api_output_options tag="$ $"}
|
||
|
||
[^7]: The `BARCODE_BIND_TOP` flag is set by default for DPD - see [6.1.10.7 DPD
|
||
Code].
|
||
|
||
[^8]: The `BARCODE_BIND` flag is always set for Codablock-F, Code 16K and Code
|
||
49. Special considerations apply to ITF-14 - see [6.1.2.6 ITF-14].
|
||
|
||
[^9]: Codablock-F, Code 16K, Code 49, EAN-2 to EAN-13, ISBN, ITF-14, UPC-A and
|
||
UPC-E have compliant quiet zones added by default.
|
||
|
||
\clearpage
|
||
|
||
## 5.10 Setting the Input Mode
|
||
|
||
The way in which the input data is encoded can be set using the `input_mode`
|
||
property. Valid values are shown in the table below.
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Value Effect
|
||
------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
`DATA_MODE` Uses full 8-bit range interpreted as binary data.
|
||
|
||
`UNICODE_MODE` Uses UTF-8 input.
|
||
|
||
`GS1_MODE` Encodes GS1 data using FNC1 characters.
|
||
|
||
_The above are exclusive, the following optional and OR-ed._
|
||
|
||
`ESCAPE_MODE` Process input data for escape sequences.
|
||
|
||
`GS1PARENS_MODE` Parentheses (round brackets) used in GS1 data instead of
|
||
square brackets to delimit Application Identifiers
|
||
(parentheses must not otherwise occur in the data).
|
||
|
||
`GS1NOCHECK_MODE` Do not check GS1 data for validity, i.e. suppress checks for
|
||
valid AIs and data lengths. Invalid characters (e.g. control
|
||
characters, extended ASCII characters) are still checked
|
||
for.
|
||
|
||
`HEIGHTPERROW_MODE` Interpret the `height` variable as per-row rather than as
|
||
overall height.
|
||
|
||
`FAST_MODE` Use faster if less optimal encodation or other shortcuts if
|
||
available (affects `DATAMATRIX`, `MICROPDF417`, `PDF417`,
|
||
`QRCODE` and `UPNQR` only).
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Table: API `input_mode` Values {#tbl:api_input_mode tag="$ $"}
|
||
|
||
The default mode is `DATA_MODE`. (Note that this differs from the default for
|
||
the CLI and GUI, which is `UNICODE_MODE`.)
|
||
|
||
`DATA_MODE`, `UNICODE_MODE` and `GS1_MODE` are mutually exclusive, whereas
|
||
`ESCAPE_MODE`, `GS1PARENS_MODE`, `GS1NOCHECK_MODE`, `HEIGHTPERROW_MODE` and
|
||
`FAST_MODE` are optional. So, for example, you can set
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
my_symbol->input_mode = UNICODE_MODE | ESCAPE_MODE;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
or
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
my_symbol->input_mode = GS1_MODE | GS1PARENS_MODE | GS1NOCHECK_MODE;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
whereas
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
my_symbol->input_mode = DATA_MODE | GS1_MODE;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
is not valid.
|
||
|
||
Permissible escape sequences are listed in Table {@tbl:escape_sequences}. An
|
||
example of `GS1PARENS_MODE` usage is given in section [6.1.10.3 GS1-128].
|
||
|
||
`GS1NOCHECK_MODE` is for use with legacy systems that have data that does not
|
||
conform to the current GS1 standard. Printable ASCII input is still checked for,
|
||
as is the validity of GS1 data specified without AIs (e.g. linear data for GS1
|
||
DataBar Omnidirectional/Limited/etc.).
|
||
|
||
For `HEIGHTPERROW_MODE`, see `--heightperrow` in section [4.4 Adjusting Height].
|
||
The `height` variable should be set to the desired per-row value on input (it
|
||
will be set to the overall height on output).
|
||
|
||
## 5.11 Multiple Segments
|
||
|
||
For input data requiring multiple ECIs, the following functions may be used:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
int ZBarcode_Encode_Segs(struct zint_symbol *symbol,
|
||
const struct zint_seg segs[], const int seg_count);
|
||
|
||
int ZBarcode_Encode_Segs_and_Print(struct zint_symbol *symbol,
|
||
const struct zint_seg segs[], const int seg_count, int rotate_angle);
|
||
|
||
int ZBarcode_Encode_Segs_and_Buffer(struct zint_symbol *symbol,
|
||
const struct zint_seg segs[], const int seg_count, int rotate_angle);
|
||
|
||
int ZBarcode_Encode_Segs_and_Buffer_Vector(struct zint_symbol *symbol,
|
||
const struct zint_seg segs[], const int seg_count, int rotate_angle);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
These are direct analogues of the previously mentioned `ZBarcode_Encode()`,
|
||
`ZBarcode_Encode_and_Print()`, `ZBarcode_Encode_and_Buffer()` and
|
||
`ZBarcode_Encode_and_Buffer_Vector()` respectively, where instead of a pair
|
||
consisting of `"source, length"`, a pair consisting of `"segs, seg_count"` is
|
||
given, with `segs` being an array of `struct zint_seg` segments and `seg_count`
|
||
being the number of elements it contains. The zint_seg structure is of the form:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
struct zint_seg {
|
||
unsigned char *source; /* Data to encode */
|
||
int length; /* Length of `source`. If 0, `source` must be
|
||
NUL-terminated */
|
||
int eci; /* Extended Channel Interpretation */
|
||
};
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The symbology must support ECIs (see Table {@tbl:eci_aware_symbologies}). For
|
||
example:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
#include <zint.h>
|
||
int main(int argc, char **argv)
|
||
{
|
||
struct zint_seg segs[] = {
|
||
{ "Κείμενο", 0, 9 },
|
||
{ "Текст", 0, 7 },
|
||
{ "文章", 0, 20 }
|
||
};
|
||
struct zint_symbol *my_symbol;
|
||
my_symbol = ZBarcode_Create();
|
||
my_symbol->symbology = BARCODE_AZTEC;
|
||
my_symbol->input_mode = UNICODE_MODE;
|
||
ZBarcode_Encode_Segs(my_symbol, segs, 3);
|
||
ZBarcode_Print(my_symbol, 0);
|
||
ZBarcode_Delete(my_symbol);
|
||
return 0;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
A maximum of 256 segments may be specified. Use of multiple segments with GS1
|
||
data is not currently supported.
|
||
|
||
## 5.12 Scaling Helpers
|
||
|
||
To help with scaling the output, the following three function are available:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
float ZBarcode_Default_Xdim(int symbol_id);
|
||
|
||
float ZBarcode_Scale_From_XdimDp(int symbol_id, float x_dim_mm, float dpmm,
|
||
const char *filetype) {
|
||
|
||
float ZBarcode_XdimDP_From_Scale(int symbol_id, float scale,
|
||
float x_dim_mm_or_dpmm, const char *filetype);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The first `ZBarcode_Default_Xdim()` returns the default X-dimension suggested by
|
||
Zint for symbology `symbol_id`.
|
||
|
||
The second `ZBarcode_Scale_From_XdimDp()` returns the scale to use to output to
|
||
a file of type `filetype` with X-dimension `x_dim_mm` at `dpmm` dots per mm. The
|
||
given X-dimension must be non-zero and less than or equal to 10mm, however
|
||
`dpmm` may be zero and defaults to 12 dpmm, and `filetype` may be NULL or empty
|
||
in which case a GIF filetype is assumed. For raster output (BMP/GIF/PCX/PNG/TIF)
|
||
the scale is rounded to half-integer increments.
|
||
|
||
For example:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
my_symbol->symbology = BARCODE_RM4SCC; /* Royal Mail 4-State Customer Code */
|
||
my_symbol->dpmm = 600.0f / 25.4f; /* 600 dpi */
|
||
my_symbol->scale = ZBarcode_Scale_From_XdimDp(
|
||
my_symbol->symbology,
|
||
ZBarcode_Default_Xdim(my_symbol->symbology),
|
||
my_symbol->dpmm, "PNG"); /* 7.5 */
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The third function `ZBarcode_XdimDP_From_Scale()` is the "reverse" of
|
||
`ZBarcode_Scale_From_XdimDp()`, returning the X-dimension (in mm) or the dot
|
||
density (in dpmm) given a scale `scale`. Both `scale` and `x_dim_mm_or_dpmm`
|
||
must be non-zero. The returned value is bound to the maximum value of dpmm
|
||
(1000), so must be further bound to 10 on return if the X-dimension is sought.
|
||
|
||
Note that the X-dimension to use is application dependent, and varies not only
|
||
due to the symbology, resolution and filetype but also due to the type of
|
||
scanner used, the intended scanning distance, and what media ("substrates") the
|
||
barcode appears on.
|
||
|
||
## 5.13 Verifying Symbology Availability
|
||
|
||
An additional function available in the API is:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
int ZBarcode_ValidID(int symbol_id);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
which allows you to check whether a given symbology is available, returning a
|
||
non-zero value if so. For example:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
if (ZBarcode_ValidID(BARCODE_PDF417) != 0) {
|
||
printf("PDF417 available\n");
|
||
} else {
|
||
printf("PDF417 not available\n");
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Another function that may be useful is:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
int ZBarcode_BarcodeName(int symbol_id, char name[32]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
which copies the name of a symbology into the supplied `name` buffer, which
|
||
should be 32 characters in length. The name is `NUL`-terminated, and zero is
|
||
returned on success. For instance:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
char name[32];
|
||
if (ZBarcode_BarcodeName(BARCODE_PDF417, name) == 0) {
|
||
printf("%s\n", name);
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
will print `BARCODE_PDF417`.
|
||
|
||
## 5.14 Checking Symbology Capabilities
|
||
|
||
It can be useful for frontend programs to know the capabilities of a symbology.
|
||
This can be determined using another additional function:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
unsigned int ZBarcode_Cap(int symbol_id, unsigned int cap_flag);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
by `OR`-ing the flags below in the `cap_flag` argument and checking the return
|
||
to see which are set.
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Value Meaning
|
||
------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
|
||
`ZINT_CAP_HRT` Can the symbology print Human Readable Text?
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_CAP_STACKABLE` Is the symbology stackable?
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_CAP_EXTENDABLE` Is the symbology extendable with add-on data? (i.e.
|
||
is it EAN/UPC?)
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_CAP_COMPOSITE` Does the symbology support composite data? (see [6.3
|
||
GS1 Composite Symbols (ISO 24723)] below)
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_CAP_ECI` Does the symbology support Extended Channel
|
||
Interpretations?
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_CAP_GS1` Does the symbology support GS1 data?
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_CAP_DOTTY` Can the symbology be outputted as dots?
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_CAP_QUIET_ZONES` Does the symbology have default quiet zones?
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_CAP_FIXED_RATIO` Does the symbology have a fixed width-to-height
|
||
(aspect) ratio?
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_CAP_READER_INIT` Does the symbology support Reader Initialisation?
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_CAP_FULL_MULTIBYTE` Is the `ZINT_FULL_MULTIBYTE` option applicable?
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_CAP_MASK` Is mask selection applicable?
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_CAP_STRUCTAPP` Does the symbology support Structured Append?
|
||
|
||
`ZINT_CAP_COMPLIANT_HEIGHT` Does the symbology have a compliant height defined?
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:api_cap tag=": API Capability Flags"}
|
||
|
||
For example:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
unsigned int cap = ZBarcode_Cap(BARCODE_PDF417, ZINT_CAP_HRT | ZINT_CAP_ECI);
|
||
if (cap & ZINT_CAP_HRT) {
|
||
printf("PDF417 supports HRT\n");
|
||
} else {
|
||
printf("PDF417 does not support HRT\n");
|
||
}
|
||
if (cap & ZINT_CAP_ECI) {
|
||
printf("PDF417 supports ECI\n");
|
||
} else {
|
||
printf("PDF417 does not support ECI\n");
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 5.15 Zint Version
|
||
|
||
Whether the Zint library linked to was built with PNG support may be determined
|
||
with:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
int ZBarcode_NoPng();
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
which returns 1 if no PNG support is available, else zero.
|
||
|
||
Lastly, the version of the Zint library linked to is returned by:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
int ZBarcode_Version();
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The version parts are separated by hundreds. For instance, version `"2.9.1"` is
|
||
returned as `"20901"`.
|
||
|
||
|
||
# 6. Types of Symbology
|
||
|
||
## 6.1 One-Dimensional Symbols
|
||
|
||
One-dimensional or linear symbols are what most people associate with the term
|
||
barcode. They consist of a number of bars and a number of spaces of differing
|
||
widths.
|
||
|
||
### 6.1.1 Code 11
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Developed by Intermec in 1977, Code 11 is similar to Code 2 of 5 Matrix and is
|
||
primarily used in telecommunications. The symbol can encode data consisting of
|
||
the digits 0-9 and the dash character (`-`) up to a maximum of 121 characters.
|
||
Two modulo-11 check digits are added by default. To add just one check digit,
|
||
set `--vers=1` (API `option_2 = 1`). To add no check digits, set `--vers=2`
|
||
(API `option_2 = 2`).
|
||
|
||
### 6.1.2 Code 2 of 5
|
||
|
||
Code 2 of 5 is a family of one-dimensional symbols, 8 of which are supported by
|
||
Zint. Note that the names given to these standards alters from one source to
|
||
another so you should take care to ensure that you have the right barcode type
|
||
before using these standards.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.2.1 Standard Code 2 of 5
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Also known as Code 2 of 5 Matrix, this is a self-checking code used in
|
||
industrial applications and photo development. Standard Code 2 of 5 will encode
|
||
numeric input (digits 0-9) up to a maximum of 80 digits. No check digit is added
|
||
by default. To add a check digit, set `--vers=1` (API `option_2 = 1`). To add a
|
||
check digit but not show it in the Human Readable Text, set `--vers=2` (API
|
||
`option_2 = 2`).
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.2.2 IATA Code 2 of 5
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Used for baggage handling in the air-transport industry by the International
|
||
Air Transport Agency, this self-checking code will encode numeric input (digits
|
||
0-9) up to a maximum of 45 digits. No check digit is added by default. Check
|
||
digit options are the same as for [6.1.2.1 Standard Code 2 of 5].
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.2.3 Industrial Code 2 of 5
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Industrial Code 2 of 5 can encode numeric input (digits 0-9) up to a maximum of
|
||
45 digits. No check digit is added by default. Check digit options are the same
|
||
as for [6.1.2.1 Standard Code 2 of 5].
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.2.4 Interleaved Code 2 of 5 (ISO 16390)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
This self-checking symbology encodes pairs of numbers, and so can only encode
|
||
an even number of digits (0-9). If an odd number of digits is entered a leading
|
||
zero is added by Zint. A maximum of 45 pairs (90 digits) can be encoded. No
|
||
check digit is added by default. Check digit options are the same as for
|
||
[6.1.2.1 Standard Code 2 of 5].
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.2.5 Code 2 of 5 Data Logic
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Data Logic does not include a check digit by default and can encode numeric
|
||
input (digits 0-9) up to a maximum of 80 digits. Check digit options are the
|
||
same as for [6.1.2.1 Standard Code 2 of 5].
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.2.6 ITF-14
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
ITF-14, also known as UPC Shipping Container Symbol or Case Code, is based on
|
||
Interleaved Code 2 of 5 and requires a 13-digit numeric input (digits 0-9). One
|
||
modulo-10 check digit is added by Zint.
|
||
|
||
If no border option is specified Zint defaults to adding a bounding box with a
|
||
border width of 5. This behaviour can be overridden by using the `--bind` option
|
||
(API `output_options |= BARCODE_BIND`). Similarly the border width can be
|
||
overridden using `--border` (API `border_width`). If a symbol with no border is
|
||
required this can be achieved by explicitly setting the border type to box (or
|
||
bind or bindtop) and leaving the border width 0.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.2.7 Deutsche Post Leitcode
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Leitcode is based on Interleaved Code 2 of 5 and is used by Deutsche Post for
|
||
routing purposes. Leitcode requires a 13-digit numerical input to which Zint
|
||
adds a check digit.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.2.8 Deutsche Post Identcode
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Identcode is based on Interleaved Code 2 of 5 and is used by Deutsche Post for
|
||
identification purposes. Identcode requires an 11-digit numerical input to which
|
||
Zint adds a check digit.
|
||
|
||
|
||
\clearpage
|
||
|
||
### 6.1.3 UPC (Universal Product Code) (ISO 15420)
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.3.1 UPC Version A
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
UPC-A is used in the United States for retail applications. The symbol requires
|
||
an 11-digit article number. The check digit is calculated by Zint. In addition
|
||
EAN-2 and EAN-5 add-on symbols can be added using the + character. For example,
|
||
to draw a UPC-A symbol with the data 72527270270 with an EAN-5 add-on showing
|
||
the data 12345 use the command:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b UPCA -d "72527270270+12345"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
or using the API encode a data string with the + character included:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
my_symbol->symbology = BARCODE_UPCA;
|
||
error = ZBarcode_Encode_and_Print(my_symbol, "72527270270+12345", 0, 0);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
If your input data already includes the check digit symbology `BARCODE_UPCA_CHK`
|
||
(35) can be used which takes a 12-digit input and validates the check digit
|
||
before encoding.
|
||
|
||
You can adjust the gap between the main symbol and an add-on in multiples of
|
||
the X-dimension by setting `--addongap` (API `option_2`) to a value between 9
|
||
(default) and 12. The height in X-dimensions that the guard bars descend below
|
||
the main bars can be adjusted by setting `--guarddescent` (API `guard_descent`)
|
||
to a value between 0 and 20 (default 5).
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.3.2 UPC Version E
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
UPC-E is a zero-compressed version of UPC-A developed for smaller packages. The
|
||
code requires a 6-digit article number (digits 0-9). The check digit is
|
||
calculated by Zint. EAN-2 and EAN-5 add-on symbols can be added using the +
|
||
character as with UPC-A. In addition Zint also supports Number System 1
|
||
encoding by entering a 7-digit article number starting with the digit 1. For
|
||
example:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b UPCE -d "1123456"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
or
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
my_symbol->symbology = BARCODE_UPCE;
|
||
error = ZBarcode_Encode_and_Print(my_symbol, "1123456", 0, 0);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If your input data already includes the check digit symbology `BARCODE_UPCE_CHK`
|
||
(38) can be used which takes a 7 or 8-digit input and validates the check digit
|
||
before encoding.
|
||
|
||
You can adjust the gap between the main symbol and an add-on in multiples of
|
||
the X-dimension by setting `--addongap` (API `option_2`) to a value between 7
|
||
(default) and 12. The height in X-dimensions that the guard bars descend below
|
||
the main bars can be adjusted by setting `--guarddescent` (API `guard_descent`)
|
||
to a value between 0 and 20 (default 5).
|
||
|
||
### 6.1.4 EAN (European Article Number) (ISO 15420)
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.4.1 EAN-2, EAN-5, EAN-8 and EAN-13
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
The EAN system is used in retail across Europe and includes standards for EAN-2,
|
||
EAN-5, EAN-8 and EAN-13 which encode 2, 5, 7 or 12-digit numbers respectively.
|
||
Zint will decide which symbology to use depending on the length of the input
|
||
data. In addition EAN-2 and EAN-5 add-on symbols can be added to EAN-8 and
|
||
EAN-13 symbols using the + character as with UPC symbols. For example:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b EANX -d "54321"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
will encode a stand-alone EAN-5, whereas
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b EANX -d "7432365+54321"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
will encode an EAN-8 symbol with an EAN-5 add-on. As before these results can
|
||
be achieved using the API:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
my_symbol->symbology = BARCODE_EANX;
|
||
|
||
error = ZBarcode_Encode_and_Print(my_symbol, "54321", 0, 0);
|
||
|
||
error = ZBarcode_Encode_and_Print(my_symbol, "7432365+54321", 0, 0);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
All of the EAN symbols include check digits which are added by Zint.
|
||
|
||
If you are encoding an EAN-8 or EAN-13 symbol and your data already includes
|
||
the check digit then you can use symbology `BARCODE_EANX_CHK` (14) which takes
|
||
an 8 or 13-digit input and validates the check digit before encoding.
|
||
|
||
Options to adjust the add-on gap and the guard bar descent height are the same
|
||
as for [6.1.3.2 UPC Version E].
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.4.2 SBN, ISBN and ISBN-13
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
EAN-13 symbols (also known as Bookland EAN-13) can also be produced from
|
||
9-digit SBN, 10-digit ISBN or 13-digit ISBN-13 data. The relevant check digit
|
||
needs to be present in the input data and will be verified before the symbol is
|
||
generated. In addition EAN-2 and EAN-5 add-on symbols can be added using the +
|
||
character as with UPC symbols, and there are options to adjust the add-on gap
|
||
and the guard bar descent height - see [6.1.3.2 UPC Version E].
|
||
|
||
### 6.1.5 Plessey
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.5.1 UK Plessey
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Also known as Plessey Code, this symbology was developed by the Plessey Company
|
||
Ltd. in the UK. The symbol can encode data consisting of digits (0-9) or letters
|
||
A-F up to a maximum of 65 characters and includes a CRC check digit.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.5.2 MSI Plessey
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Based on Plessey and developed by MSI Data Corporation, MSI Plessey has a range
|
||
of check digit options that are selectable by setting `--vers` (API `option_2`).
|
||
Numeric (digits 0-9) input can be encoded, up to a maximum of 65 digits. The
|
||
table below shows the options available:
|
||
|
||
Value Check Digits
|
||
----- ---------------------------
|
||
0 None
|
||
1 Modulo-10 (Luhn)
|
||
2 Modulo-10 & Modulo-10
|
||
3 Modulo-11 (IBM)
|
||
4 Modulo-11 (IBM) & Modulo-10
|
||
5 Modulo-11 (NCR)
|
||
6 Modulo-11 (NCR) & Modulo-10
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:msi_plessey_check_digits tag=": MSI Plessey Check Digit Options"}
|
||
|
||
To not show the check digit or digits in the Human Readable Text, add 10 to the
|
||
`--vers` value. For example `--vers=12` (API `option_2 = 12`) will add two
|
||
hidden modulo-10 check digits.
|
||
|
||
### 6.1.6 Telepen
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.6.1 Telepen Alpha
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Telepen Alpha was developed by SB Electronic Systems Limited and can encode
|
||
ASCII text input, up to a maximum of 30 characters. Telepen includes a
|
||
modulo-127 check digit, added by Zint.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.6.2 Telepen Numeric
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Telepen Numeric allows compression of numeric data into a Telepen symbol. Data
|
||
can consist of pairs of numbers or pairs consisting of a numerical digit
|
||
followed an X character. For example: 466333 and 466X33 are valid codes whereas
|
||
46X333 is not (the digit pair `"X3"` is not valid). Up to 60 digits can be
|
||
encoded. Telepen Numeric includes a modulo-127 check digit which is added by
|
||
Zint.
|
||
|
||
### 6.1.7 Code 39
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.7.1 Standard Code 39 (ISO 16388)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Standard Code 39 was developed in 1974 by Intermec. Input data can be up to 85
|
||
characters in length and can include the characters 0-9, A-Z, dash (`-`), full
|
||
stop (`.`), space, asterisk (`*`), dollar (`$`), slash (`/`), plus (`+`) and
|
||
percent (`%`). The standard does not require a check digit but a modulo-43 check
|
||
digit can be added if desired by setting `--vers=1` (API `option_2 = 1`).
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.7.2 Extended Code 39
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Also known as Code 39e and Code39+, this symbology expands on Standard Code 39
|
||
to provide support for the full 7-bit ASCII character set. The standard does not
|
||
require a check digit but a modulo-43 check digit can be added by setting
|
||
`--vers=1` (API `option_2 = 1`).
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.7.3 Code 93
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A variation of Extended Code 39, Code 93 also supports full ASCII text. Two
|
||
check characters are added by Zint. By default these check characters are not
|
||
shown in the Human Readable Text, but may be shown by setting `--vers=1` (API
|
||
`option_2 = 1`).
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.7.4 PZN (Pharmazentralnummer)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
PZN is a Code 39 based symbology used by the pharmaceutical industry in Germany.
|
||
PZN encodes a 7-digit number to which Zint will add a modulo-11 check digit.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.7.5 LOGMARS
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
LOGMARS (Logistics Applications of Automated Marking and Reading Symbols) is a
|
||
variation of the Code 39 symbology used by the U.S. Department of Defense.
|
||
LOGMARS encodes the same character set as Standard Code 39. It does not require
|
||
a check digit but a modulo-43 check digit can be added by setting `--vers=1`
|
||
(API `option_2 = 1`).
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.7.6 Code 32
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A variation of Code 39 used by the Italian Ministry of Health ("Ministero della
|
||
Sanità") for encoding identifiers on pharmaceutical products. This symbology
|
||
requires a numeric input up to 8 digits in length. A check digit is added by
|
||
Zint.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.7.7 HIBC Code 39
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
This variant adds a leading `'+'` character and a trailing modulo-49 check digit
|
||
to a standard Code 39 symbol as required by the Health Industry Barcode
|
||
standards.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.7.8 Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A variation of Code 39 that for vehicle identification numbers used in North
|
||
America (first character `'1'` to `'5'`) has a check character verification
|
||
stage. A 17 character input (0-9, and A-Z excluding `'I'`, `'O'` and `'Q'`) is
|
||
required. An invisible Import character prefix `'I'` can be added by setting
|
||
`--vers=1` (API `option_2 = 1`).
|
||
|
||
### 6.1.8 Codabar (EN 798)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Also known as NW-7, Monarch, ABC Codabar, USD-4, Ames Code and Code 27, this
|
||
symbology was developed in 1972 by Monarch Marketing Systems for retail
|
||
purposes. The American Blood Commission adopted Codabar in 1977 as the standard
|
||
symbology for blood identification. Codabar can encode up to 60 characters
|
||
starting and ending with the letters A-D and containing between these letters
|
||
the numbers 0-9, dash (`-`), dollar (`$`), colon (`:`), slash (`/`), full stop
|
||
(`.`) or plus (`+`). No check character is generated by default, but a
|
||
modulo-16 one can be added by setting `--vers=1` (API `option_2 = 1`). To have
|
||
the check character appear in the Human Readable Text, set `--vers=2` (API
|
||
`option_2 = 2`).
|
||
|
||
### 6.1.9 Pharmacode
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Developed by Laetus, Pharmacode is used for the identification of
|
||
pharmaceuticals. The symbology is able to encode whole numbers between 3 and
|
||
131070.
|
||
|
||
### 6.1.10 Code 128
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.10.1 Standard Code 128 (ISO 15417)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
One of the most ubiquitous one-dimensional barcode symbologies, Code 128 was
|
||
developed in 1981 by Computer Identics. This symbology supports full ASCII text
|
||
and uses a three-mode system to compress the data into a smaller symbol. Zint
|
||
automatically switches between modes and adds a modulo-103 check digit. Code
|
||
128 is the default barcode symbology used by Zint. In addition Zint supports
|
||
the encoding of ISO/IEC 8859-1 (non-English) characters in Code 128 symbols. The
|
||
ISO/IEC 8859-1 character set is shown in Appendix [A.2 Latin Alphabet No. 1
|
||
(ISO/IEC 8859-1)].
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.10.2 Code 128 Suppress Subset C (Subsets A and B only)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
It is sometimes advantageous to stop Code 128 from using subset mode C which
|
||
compresses numerical data. The `BARCODE_CODE128AB`[^10] variant (symbology 60)
|
||
suppresses mode C in favour of modes A and B.
|
||
|
||
[^10]: `BARCODE_CODE128AB` previously used the name `BARCODE_CODE128B`, which is
|
||
still recognised.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.10.3 GS1-128
|
||
|
||
![`zint -b GS1_128 --compliantheight -d
|
||
"[01]98898765432106[3202]012345[15]991231"`](images/gs1_128.svg)
|
||
|
||
A variation of Code 128 previously known as UCC/EAN-128, this symbology is
|
||
defined by the GS1 General Specifications. Application Identifiers (AIs) should
|
||
be entered using [square bracket] notation. These will be converted to
|
||
parentheses (round brackets) for the Human Readable Text. This will allow round
|
||
brackets to be used in the data strings to be encoded.
|
||
|
||
For compatibility with data entry in other systems, if the data does not include
|
||
round brackets, the option `--gs1parens` (API `input_mode |= GS1PARENS_MODE`)
|
||
may be used to signal that AIs are encased in round brackets instead of square
|
||
ones.
|
||
|
||
Fixed length data should be entered at the appropriate length for correct
|
||
encoding. GS1-128 does not support extended ASCII characters. Check digits for
|
||
GTIN data AI (01) are not generated and need to be included in the input data.
|
||
The following is an example of a valid GS1-128 input:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b 16 -d "[01]98898765432106[3202]012345[15]991231"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
or using the `--gs1parens` option:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b 16 --gs1parens -d "(01)98898765432106(3202)012345(15)991231"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.10.4 EAN-14
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A shorter version of GS1-128 which encodes GTIN data only. A 13-digit number is
|
||
required. The GTIN check digit and AI (01) are added by Zint.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.10.5 NVE-18 (SSCC-18)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A variation of Code 128 the 'Nummer der Versandeinheit' standard, also known
|
||
as SSCC-18 (Serial Shipping Container Code), includes both modulo-10 and
|
||
modulo-103 check digits. NVE-18 requires a 17-digit numerical input. Check
|
||
digits and AI (00) are added by Zint.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.10.6 HIBC Code 128
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
This option adds a leading `'+'` character and a trailing modulo-49 check digit
|
||
to a standard Code 128 symbol as required by the Health Industry Barcode
|
||
standards.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.10.7 DPD Code
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Another variation of Code 128 as used by DPD (Deutscher Paketdienst). Requires a
|
||
27 or 28 character input. For 28 character input, the first character is an
|
||
identification tag (Barcode ID), which should usually be `"%"` (ASCII 37). If
|
||
27 characters are supplied, `"%"` will be prefixed by Zint (except if marked as
|
||
a "relabel", see below). The rest of the 27-character input must be
|
||
alphanumeric, and is of the form:
|
||
|
||
Destination Post Code Tracking Number Service Code Dest. Country Code
|
||
--------------------- ------------------ ------------ --------------------
|
||
PPPPPPP TTTTTTTTTTTTTT SSS CCC
|
||
(7 alphanumerics) (14 alphanumerics) (3 digits) (3-digit ISO 3166-1)
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:dpd_input_fields tag=": DPD Input Fields"}
|
||
|
||
A warning will be generated if the Service Code, the Destination Country Code,
|
||
or the last 10 characters of the Tracking Number are non-numeric.
|
||
|
||
Zint formats the Human Readable Text as specified by DPD, leaving out the
|
||
identication tag, and adds a modulo-36 check character to the text (not to the
|
||
barcode itself), thus:
|
||
|
||
`PPPP PPP TTTT TTTT TTTT TT SSS CCC D`
|
||
|
||
By default a top boundary bar is added, with default width 3X. The width can be
|
||
overridden using `--border` (API `border_width`). For a symbol with no top
|
||
boundary bar, explicitly set the border type to bindtop (or bind or box) and
|
||
leave the border width 0.
|
||
|
||
A DPD Code can be marked as a "relabel" by specifying `--vers=1` (API
|
||
`option_2 = 1`), which omits the identification tag and prints the barcode at
|
||
half height. In this case, an input of 27 alphanumeric characters is required.
|
||
|
||
### 6.1.11 GS1 DataBar (ISO 24724)
|
||
|
||
Previously known as RSS (Reduced Spaced Symbology), these symbols are due to
|
||
replace GS1-128 symbols in accordance with the GS1 General Specifications. If a
|
||
GS1 DataBar symbol is to be printed with a 2D component as specified in ISO/IEC
|
||
24723 set `--mode=2` (API `option_1 = 2`). See [6.3 GS1 Composite Symbols (ISO
|
||
24723)] to find out how to generate DataBar symbols with 2D components.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.11.1 GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional and GS1 DataBar Truncated
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Previously known as RSS-14 this standard encodes a 13-digit item code. A check
|
||
digit and Application Identifier of (01) are added by Zint. (A 14-digit code
|
||
that appends the check digit may be given, in which case the check digit will be
|
||
verified.)
|
||
|
||
GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional symbols should have a height of 33 or greater. To
|
||
produce a GS1 DataBar Truncated symbol set the symbol height to a value between
|
||
13 and 32. Truncated symbols may not be scannable by omnidirectional scanners.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.11.2 GS1 DataBar Limited
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Previously known as RSS Limited this standard encodes a 13-digit item code and
|
||
can be used in the same way as GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional above. GS1 DataBar
|
||
Limited, however, is limited to data starting with digits 0 and 1 (i.e. numbers
|
||
in the range 0 to 1999999999999). As with GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional a check
|
||
digit and Application Identifier of (01) are added by Zint, and a 14-digit code
|
||
may be given in which case the check digit will be verified.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.1.11.3 GS1 DataBar Expanded
|
||
|
||
![`zint -b DBAR_EXP --compliantheight -d
|
||
"[01]98898765432106[3202]012345[15]991231"`](images/dbar_exp.svg)
|
||
|
||
Previously known as RSS Expanded this is a variable length symbology capable of
|
||
encoding data from a number of AIs in a single symbol. AIs should be encased in
|
||
[square brackets] in the input data, which will be converted to parentheses
|
||
(round brackets) before being included in the Human Readable Text attached to
|
||
the symbol. This method allows the inclusion of parentheses in the data to be
|
||
encoded. If the data does not include parentheses, the AIs may alternatively be
|
||
encased in parentheses using the `--gs1parens` switch. See [6.1.10.3 GS1-128].
|
||
|
||
GTIN data AI (01) should also include the check digit data as this is not
|
||
calculated by Zint when this symbology is encoded. Fixed length data should be
|
||
entered at the appropriate length for correct encoding. The following is an
|
||
example of a valid GS1 DataBar Expanded input:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b 31 -d "[01]98898765432106[3202]012345[15]991231"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 6.1.12 Korea Post Barcode
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
The Korean Postal Barcode is used to encode a 6-digit number and includes one
|
||
check digit.
|
||
|
||
### 6.1.13 Channel Code
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A highly compressed symbol for numeric data. The number of channels in the
|
||
symbol can be between 3 and 8 and this can be specified by setting the value of
|
||
the `--vers` option (API `option_2`). It can also be determined by the length
|
||
of the input data e.g. a three character input string generates a 4 channel code
|
||
by default.
|
||
|
||
The maximum values permitted depend on the number of channels used as shown in
|
||
the table below:
|
||
|
||
| Channels | Minimum Value | Maximum Value
|
||
|:---------|:--------------|:-------------
|
||
| 3 | 00 | 26
|
||
| 4 | 000 | 292
|
||
| 5 | 0000 | 3493
|
||
| 6 | 00000 | 44072
|
||
| 7 | 000000 | 576688
|
||
| 8 | 0000000 | 7742862
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:channel_maxima tag=": Channel Value Ranges"}
|
||
|
||
### 6.1.14 BC412 (SEMI T1-95)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Designed by IBM for marking silicon wafers, each BC412 character is represented
|
||
by 4 bars of a single size, interleaved with 4 spaces of varying sizes that
|
||
total 8 (hence 4 bars in 12). Zint implements the SEMI T1-95 standard, where
|
||
input must be alphanumeric, excluding the letter `O`, and must be from 7 to 18
|
||
characters in length. A single check character is added by Zint, appearing in
|
||
the 2nd character position. Lowercase input is automatically made uppercase.
|
||
|
||
|
||
\clearpage
|
||
|
||
## 6.2 Stacked Symbologies
|
||
|
||
### 6.2.1 Basic Symbol Stacking
|
||
|
||
An early innovation to get more information into a symbol, used primarily in
|
||
the vehicle industry, is to simply stack one-dimensional codes on top of each
|
||
other. This can be achieved at the command prompt by giving more than one set
|
||
of input data. For example
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -d "This" -d "That"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
will draw two Code 128 symbols, one on top of the other. The same result can be
|
||
achieved using the API by executing the `ZBarcode_Encode()` function more than
|
||
once on a symbol. For example:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
my_symbol->symbology = BARCODE_CODE128;
|
||
|
||
error = ZBarcode_Encode(my_symbol, "This", 0);
|
||
|
||
error = ZBarcode_Encode(my_symbol, "That", 0);
|
||
|
||
error = ZBarcode_Print(my_symbol);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Note that the Human Readable Text will be that of the last data, so it's best to
|
||
use the option `--notext` (API `show_hrt = 0`).
|
||
|
||
The stacked barcode rows can be separated by row separator bars by specifying
|
||
`--bind` (API `output_options |= BARCODE_BIND`). The height of the row separator
|
||
bars in multiples of the X-dimension (minimum and default 1, maximum 4) can be
|
||
set by `--separator` (API `option_3`):
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint --bind --notext --separator=2 -d "This" -d "That"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A more sophisticated method is to use some type of line indexing which indicates
|
||
to the barcode reader which order the stacked symbols should be read in. This is
|
||
demonstrated by the symbologies below.
|
||
|
||
### 6.2.2 Codablock-F
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
This is a stacked symbology based on Code 128 which can encode extended ASCII
|
||
code set data up to a maximum length of 2725 characters. The width of the
|
||
Codablock-F symbol can be set using the `--cols` option (API `option_2`). The
|
||
height (number of rows) can be set using the `--rows` option (API `option_1`).
|
||
Zint does not currently support encoding of GS1 data in Codablock-F symbols.
|
||
|
||
A separate symbology ID (`BARCODE_HIBC_BLOCKF`) can be used to encode Health
|
||
Industry Barcode (HIBC) data which adds a leading `'+'` character and a
|
||
modulo-49 check digit to the encoded data.
|
||
|
||
### 6.2.3 Code 16K (EN 12323)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Code 16K uses a Code 128 based system which can stack up to 16 rows in a block.
|
||
This gives a maximum data capacity of 77 characters or 154 numerical digits and
|
||
includes two modulo-107 check digits. Code 16K also supports extended ASCII
|
||
character encoding in the same manner as Code 128. GS1 data encoding is also
|
||
supported. The minimum number of rows to use can be set using the `--rows`
|
||
option (API `option_1`), with values from 2 to 16.
|
||
|
||
### 6.2.4 PDF417 (ISO 15438)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Heavily used in the parcel industry, the PDF417 symbology can encode a vast
|
||
amount of data into a small space. Zint supports encoding up to the ISO
|
||
standard maximum symbol size of 925 codewords which (at error correction level
|
||
0) allows a maximum data size of 1850 text characters, or 2710 digits.
|
||
|
||
The width of the generated PDF417 symbol can be specified at the command line
|
||
using the `--cols` switch (API `option_2`) followed by a number between 1 and
|
||
30, the number of rows using the `--rows` switch (API `option_3`) followed by a
|
||
number between 3 and 90, and the amount of error correction information can be
|
||
specified by using the `--secure` switch (API `option_1`) followed by a number
|
||
between 0 and 8 where the number of codewords used for error correction is
|
||
determined by `2^(value + 1)`. The default level of error correction is
|
||
determined by the amount of data being encoded.
|
||
|
||
This symbology uses Latin-1 character encoding by default but also supports the
|
||
ECI encoding mechanism. A separate symbology ID (`BARCODE_HIBC_PDF`) can be used
|
||
to encode Health Industry Barcode (HIBC) data.
|
||
|
||
For a faster but less optimal encoding, the `--fast` option (API `input_mode |=
|
||
FAST_MODE`) may be used.
|
||
|
||
PDF417 supports Structured Append of up to 99,999 symbols and an optional
|
||
numeric ID of up to 30 digits, which can be set by using the `--structapp`
|
||
option (see [4.16 Structured Append]) (API `structapp`). The ID consists of up
|
||
to 10 triplets, each ranging from `"000"` to `"899"`. For instance `"123456789"`
|
||
would be a valid ID of 3 triplets. However `"123456900"` would not, as the last
|
||
triplet `"900"` exceeds `"899"`. The triplets are 0-filled, for instance
|
||
`"1234"` becomes `"123004"`. If an ID is not given, no ID is encoded.
|
||
|
||
### 6.2.5 Compact PDF417 (ISO 15438)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Previously known as Truncated PDF417, Compact PDF417 omits some per-row
|
||
overhead to produce a narrower but less robust symbol. Options are the same as
|
||
for PDF417 above.
|
||
|
||
### 6.2.6 MicroPDF417 (ISO 24728)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A variation of the PDF417 standard, MicroPDF417 is intended for applications
|
||
where symbol size needs to be kept to a minimum. 34 predefined symbol sizes are
|
||
available with 1 - 4 columns and 4 - 44 rows. The maximum amount a MicroPDF417
|
||
symbol can hold is 250 alphanumeric characters or 366 digits. The amount of
|
||
error correction used is dependent on symbol size. The number of columns used
|
||
can be determined using the `--cols` switch (API `option_2`) as with PDF417.
|
||
|
||
This symbology uses Latin-1 character encoding by default but also supports the
|
||
ECI encoding mechanism. A separate symbology ID (`BARCODE_HIBC_MICPDF`) can be
|
||
used to encode Health Industry Barcode (HIBC) data. MicroPDF417 supports
|
||
`FAST_MODE` and Structured Append the same as PDF417, for which see details.
|
||
|
||
### 6.2.7 GS1 DataBar Stacked (ISO 24724)
|
||
|
||
#### 6.2.7.1 GS1 DataBar Stacked
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A stacked variation of the GS1 DataBar Truncated symbol requiring the same input
|
||
(see [6.1.11.1 GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional and GS1 DataBar Truncated]), this
|
||
symbol is the same as the following GS1 DataBar Stacked Omnidirectional symbol
|
||
except that its height is reduced and its central separator is a single row,
|
||
making it suitable for small items when omnidirectional scanning is not
|
||
required. It can be generated with a two-dimensional component to make a
|
||
composite symbol.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.2.7.2 GS1 DataBar Stacked Omnidirectional
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A stacked variation of the GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional symbol requiring the same
|
||
input (see [6.1.11.1 GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional and GS1 DataBar Truncated]).
|
||
The data is encoded in two rows of bars with a central 3-row separator. This
|
||
symbol can be generated with a two-dimensional component to make a composite
|
||
symbol.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.2.7.3 GS1 DataBar Expanded Stacked
|
||
|
||
![`zint -b DBAR_EXPSTK --compliantheight
|
||
-d "[01]98898765432106[3202]012345[15]991231"`](images/dbar_expstk.svg)
|
||
|
||
A stacked variation of the GS1 DataBar Expanded symbol for smaller packages.
|
||
Input is the same as for GS1 DataBar Expanded (see [6.1.11.3 GS1 DataBar
|
||
Expanded]). In addition the width of the symbol can be altered using the
|
||
`--cols` switch (API `option_2`). In this case the number of columns (values 1
|
||
to 11) relates to the number of character pairs on each row of the symbol.
|
||
Alternatively the `--rows` switch (API `option_3`) can be used to specify the
|
||
maximum number of rows (values 2 to 11), and the number of columns will be
|
||
adjusted accordingly. This symbol can be generated with a two-dimensional
|
||
component to make a composite symbol. For symbols with a 2D component the number
|
||
of columns must be at least 2.
|
||
|
||
### 6.2.8 Code 49
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Developed in 1987 at Intermec, Code 49 is a cross between UPC and Code 39. It
|
||
is one of the earliest stacked symbologies and influenced the design of Code
|
||
16K a few years later. It supports full 7-bit ASCII input up to a maximum of 49
|
||
characters or 81 numeric digits. GS1 data encoding is also supported. The
|
||
minimum number of rows to use can be set using the `--rows` option (API
|
||
`option_1`), with values from 2 to 8.
|
||
|
||
\clearpage
|
||
|
||
## 6.3 GS1 Composite Symbols (ISO 24723)
|
||
|
||
Composite symbols employ a mixture of components to give more comprehensive
|
||
information about a product. The permissible contents of a composite symbol is
|
||
determined by the terms of the GS1 General Specifications. Composite symbols
|
||
consist of a linear component which can be an EAN, UPC, GS1-128 or GS1 DataBar
|
||
symbol, a two-dimensional (2D) component which is based on PDF417 or
|
||
MicroPDF417, and a separator pattern. The type of linear component to be used is
|
||
determined using the `-b` or `--barcode` switch (API `symbology`) as with other
|
||
encoding methods. Valid values are shown below.
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Numeric Name Barcode Name
|
||
Value
|
||
------- ------------------------ ---------------------------------------------
|
||
130 `BARCODE_EANX_CC` Composite Symbol with EAN linear component
|
||
|
||
131 `BARCODE_GS1_128_CC` Composite Symbol with GS1-128 linear
|
||
component
|
||
|
||
132 `BARCODE_DBAR_OMN_CC` Composite Symbol with GS1 DataBar
|
||
Omnidirectional linear component
|
||
|
||
133 `BARCODE_DBAR_LTD_CC` Composite Symbol with GS1 DataBar Limited
|
||
linear component
|
||
|
||
134 `BARCODE_DBAR_EXP_CC` Composite Symbol with GS1 DataBar Expanded
|
||
linear component
|
||
|
||
135 `BARCODE_UPCA_CC` Composite Symbol with UPC-A linear component
|
||
|
||
136 `BARCODE_UPCE_CC` Composite Symbol with UPC-E linear component
|
||
|
||
137 `BARCODE_DBAR_STK_CC` Composite Symbol with GS1 DataBar Stacked
|
||
component
|
||
|
||
138 `BARCODE_DBAR_OMNSTK_CC` Composite Symbol with GS1 DataBar Stacked
|
||
Omnidirectional component
|
||
|
||
139 `BARCODE_DBAR_EXPSTK_CC` Composite Symbol with GS1 DataBar Expanded
|
||
Stacked component
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:composite_symbologies tag=": Composite Symbology Values"}
|
||
|
||
The data to be encoded in the linear component of a composite symbol should be
|
||
entered into a primary string with the data for the 2D component being entered
|
||
in the normal way. To do this at the command prompt use the `--primary` switch
|
||
(API `primary`). For example:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b EANX_CC --mode=1 --primary=331234567890 -d "[99]1234-abcd"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This creates an EAN-13 linear component with the data `"331234567890"` and a 2D
|
||
CC-A (see [below][6.3.1 CC-A]) component with the data `"(99)1234-abcd"`. The
|
||
same results can be achieved using the API as shown below:
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
my_symbol->symbology = BARCODE_EANX_CC;
|
||
|
||
my_symbol->option_1 = 1;
|
||
|
||
strcpy(my_symbol->primary, "331234567890");
|
||
|
||
ZBarcode_Encode_and_Print(my_symbol, "[99]1234-abcd", 0, 0);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
EAN-2 and EAN-5 add-on data can be used with EAN and UPC symbols using the +
|
||
symbol as described in sections [6.1.3 UPC (Universal Product Code) (ISO 15420)]
|
||
and [6.1.4 EAN (European Article Number) (ISO 15420)].
|
||
|
||
The 2D component of a composite symbol can use one of three systems: CC-A, CC-B
|
||
and CC-C, as described below. The 2D component type can be selected
|
||
automatically by Zint dependent on the length of the input string.
|
||
Alternatively the three methods can be accessed using the `--mode` prompt (API
|
||
`option_1`) followed by 1, 2 or 3 for CC-A, CC-B or CC-C respectively.
|
||
|
||
### 6.3.1 CC-A
|
||
|
||
![`zint -b EANX_CC --compliantheight -d "[99]1234-abcd" --mode=1
|
||
--primary=331234567890`](images/eanx_cc_a.svg)
|
||
|
||
This system uses a variation of MicroPDF417 which is optimised to fit into a
|
||
small space. The size of the 2D component and the amount of error correction is
|
||
determined by the amount of data to be encoded and the type of linear component
|
||
which is being used. CC-A can encode up to 56 numeric digits or an alphanumeric
|
||
string of shorter length. To select CC-A use `--mode=1` (API `option_1 = 1`).
|
||
|
||
### 6.3.2 CC-B
|
||
|
||
![`zint -b EANX_CC --compliantheight -d "[99]1234-abcd" --mode=2
|
||
--primary=331234567890`](images/eanx_cc_b.svg)
|
||
|
||
This system uses MicroPDF417 to encode the 2D component. The size of the 2D
|
||
component and the amount of error correction is determined by the amount of
|
||
data to be encoded and the type of linear component which is being used. CC-B
|
||
can encode up to 338 numeric digits or an alphanumeric string of shorter
|
||
length. To select CC-B use `--mode=2` (API `option_1 = 2`).
|
||
|
||
### 6.3.3 CC-C
|
||
|
||
![`zint -b GS1_128_CC --compliantheight -d "[99]1234-abcd" --mode=3
|
||
--primary="[01]03312345678903"`](images/gs1_128_cc_c.svg)
|
||
|
||
This system uses PDF417 and can only be used in conjunction with a GS1-128
|
||
linear component. CC-C can encode up to 2361 numeric digits or an alphanumeric
|
||
string of shorter length. To select CC-C use `--mode=3` (API `option_1 = 3`).
|
||
|
||
\clearpage
|
||
|
||
## 6.4 Two-Track Symbols
|
||
|
||
### 6.4.1 Two-Track Pharmacode
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Developed by Laetus, Pharmacode Two-Track is an alternative system to
|
||
Pharmacode One-Track (see [6.1.9 Pharmacode]) used for the identification of
|
||
pharmaceuticals. The symbology is able to encode whole numbers between 4 and
|
||
64570080.
|
||
|
||
### 6.4.2 POSTNET
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Used by the United States Postal Service until 2009, the POSTNET barcode was
|
||
used for encoding zip-codes on mail items. POSTNET uses numerical input data
|
||
and includes a modulo-10 check digit. While Zint will encode POSTNET symbols of
|
||
up to 38 digits in length, standard lengths as used by USPS were `PostNet6`
|
||
(5-digit ZIP input), `PostNet10` (5-digit ZIP + 4-digit user data) and
|
||
`PostNet12` (5-digit ZIP + 6-digit user data), and a warning will be issued if
|
||
the input length is not one of these.
|
||
|
||
### 6.4.3 PLANET
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Used by the United States Postal Service until 2009, the PLANET (Postal Alpha
|
||
Numeric Encoding Technique) barcode was used for encoding routing data on mail
|
||
items. PLANET uses numerical input data and includes a modulo-10 check digit.
|
||
While Zint will encode PLANET symbols of up to 38 digits in length, standard
|
||
lengths used by USPS were `Planet12` (11-digit input) and `Planet14` (13-digit
|
||
input), and as with POSTNET a warning will be issued if the length is not one of
|
||
these.
|
||
|
||
### 6.4.4 Brazilian CEPNet
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Based on POSTNET, the CEPNet symbol is used by Correios, the Brazilian postal
|
||
service, to encode CEP (Código de Endereçamento Postal) numbers on mail items.
|
||
Input should consist of eight digits with the check digit being automatically
|
||
added by Zint.
|
||
|
||
\clearpage
|
||
|
||
## 6.5 4-State Postal Codes
|
||
|
||
### 6.5.1 Australia Post 4-State Symbols
|
||
|
||
#### 6.5.1.1 Customer Barcodes
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Australia Post Standard Customer Barcode, Customer Barcode 2 and Customer
|
||
Barcode 3 are 37-bar, 52-bar and 67-bar specifications respectively, developed
|
||
by Australia Post for printing Delivery Point ID (DPID) and customer
|
||
information on mail items. Valid data characters are 0-9, A-Z, a-z, space and
|
||
hash (#). A Format Control Code (FCC) is added by Zint and should not be
|
||
included in the input data. Reed-Solomon error correction data is generated by
|
||
Zint. Encoding behaviour is determined by the length of the input data according
|
||
to the formula shown in the following table.
|
||
|
||
-------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Input Required Input Format Symbol FCC Encoding
|
||
Length Length Table
|
||
------ ------------------------- ------ --- --------
|
||
8 `99999999` 37-bar 11 None
|
||
|
||
13 `99999999AAAAA` 52-bar 59 C
|
||
|
||
16 `9999999999999999` 52-bar 59 N
|
||
|
||
18 `99999999AAAAAAAAAA` 67-bar 62 C
|
||
|
||
23 `99999999999999999999999` 67-bar 62 N
|
||
-------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:auspost_input_formats tag=": Australia Post Input Formats"}
|
||
|
||
#### 6.5.1.2 Reply Paid Barcode
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A Reply Paid version of the Australia Post 4-State Barcode (FCC 45) which
|
||
requires an 8-digit DPID input.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.5.1.3 Routing Barcode
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A Routing version of the Australia Post 4-State Barcode (FCC 87) which requires
|
||
an 8-digit DPID input.
|
||
|
||
#### 6.5.1.4 Redirect Barcode
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A Redirection version of the Australia Post 4-State Barcode (FCC 92) which
|
||
requires an 8-digit DPID input.
|
||
|
||
### 6.5.2 Dutch Post KIX Code
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
This symbology is used by Royal Dutch TPG Post (Netherlands) for Postal code
|
||
and automatic mail sorting. Data input can consist of numbers 0-9 and letters
|
||
A-Z and needs to be 11 characters in length. No check digit is included.
|
||
|
||
### 6.5.3 Royal Mail 4-State Customer Code (RM4SCC)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
The RM4SCC standard is used by the Royal Mail in the UK to encode postcode and
|
||
customer data on mail items. Data input can consist of numbers 0-9 and letters
|
||
A-Z and usually includes delivery postcode followed by house number. For
|
||
example `"W1J0TR01"` for 1 Piccadilly Circus in London. Check digit data is
|
||
generated by Zint.
|
||
|
||
### 6.5.4 Royal Mail 4-State Mailmark
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Developed in 2014 as a replacement for RM4SCC this 4-state symbol includes
|
||
Reed Solomon error correction. Input is a pre-formatted alphanumeric string of
|
||
22 (for Barcode C) or 26 (for Barcode L) characters, producing a symbol with
|
||
66 or 78 bars respectively. The rules for the input data are complex, as
|
||
summarized in the following table.
|
||
|
||
Format Version ID Class Supply Chain ID Item ID Destination+DPS
|
||
------- ---------- ------- --------------- -------- -----------------
|
||
1 digit 1 digit 1 alphanum. 2 digits (C) or 8 digits 9 alphanumerics
|
||
(0-4) (0-3) (0-9A-E) 6 digits (L) (1 of 6 patterns)
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:mailmark_input_fields tag=": Royal Mail Mailmark Input Fields"}
|
||
|
||
The 6 Destination+DPS (Destination Post Code plus Delivery Point Suffix)
|
||
patterns are `'FNFNLLNLS'`, `'FFNNLLNLS'`, `'FFNNNLLNL'`, `'FFNFNLLNL'`,
|
||
`'FNNLLNLSS'` and `'FNNNLLNLS'`, where `'F'` stands for full alphabetic (A-Z),
|
||
`'L'` for limited alphabetic (A-Z less `'CIKMOV'`), `'N'` for numeric (0-9), and
|
||
`'S'` for space.
|
||
|
||
Four of the permitted patterns include a number of trailing space characters -
|
||
these will be appended by Zint if not included in the input data.
|
||
|
||
### 6.5.5 USPS Intelligent Mail
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Also known as the OneCode barcode and used in the U.S. by the United States
|
||
Postal Service (USPS), the Intelligent Mail system replaced the POSTNET and
|
||
PLANET symbologies in 2009. Intelligent Mail is a fixed length (65-bar) symbol
|
||
which combines routing and customer information in a single symbol. Input data
|
||
consists of a 20-digit tracking code, followed by a dash (`-`), followed by a
|
||
delivery point zip-code which can be 0, 5, 9 or 11 digits in length. For example
|
||
all of the following inputs are valid data entries:
|
||
|
||
- `"01234567094987654321"`
|
||
- `"01234567094987654321-01234"`
|
||
- `"01234567094987654321-012345678"`
|
||
- `"01234567094987654321-01234567891"`
|
||
|
||
### 6.5.6 Japanese Postal Code
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Used for address data on mail items for Japan Post. Accepted values are 0-9,
|
||
A-Z and dash (`-`). A modulo 19 check digit is added by Zint.
|
||
|
||
### 6.5.7 DAFT Code
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
This is a method for creating 4-state codes where the data encoding is provided
|
||
by an external program. Input data should consist of the letters `'D'`, `'A'`,
|
||
`'F'` and `'T'` where these refer to descender, ascender, full (ascender and
|
||
descender) and tracker (neither ascender nor descender) respectively. All other
|
||
characters are invalid. The ratio of the tracker size to full height can be
|
||
given in thousandths (permille) using the `--vers` option (API `option_2`). The
|
||
default value is 250 (25%).
|
||
|
||
For example the following
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b DAFT -d AAFDTTDAFADTFTTFFFDATFTADTTFFTDAFAFDTF --height=8.494 --vers=256
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
produces the same barcode (see [6.5.3 Royal Mail 4-State Customer Code
|
||
(RM4SCC)]) as
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b RM4SCC --compliantheight -d "W1J0TR01"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
\clearpage
|
||
|
||
## 6.6 Matrix Symbols
|
||
|
||
### 6.6.1 Data Matrix (ISO 16022)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Also known as Semacode this symbology was developed in 1989 by Acuity CiMatrix
|
||
in partnership with the U.S. DoD and NASA. The symbol can encode a large amount
|
||
of data in a small area. Data Matrix encodes characters in the Latin-1 set by
|
||
default but also supports encoding in other character sets using the ECI
|
||
mechanism. It can also encode GS1 data. The size of the generated symbol can
|
||
be adjusted using the `--vers` option (API `option_2`) as shown in the table
|
||
below. A separate symbology ID (`BARCODE_HIBC_DM`) can be used to encode Health
|
||
Industry Barcode (HIBC) data. Note that only ECC200 encoding is supported, the
|
||
older standards have now been removed from Zint.
|
||
|
||
Input Symbol Size Input Symbol Size Input Symbol Size
|
||
----- ----------- -- ----- ----------- -- ----- -----------
|
||
1 10 x 10 11 36 x 36 21 104 x 104
|
||
2 12 x 12 12 40 x 40 22 120 x 120
|
||
3 14 x 14 13 44 x 44 23 132 x 132
|
||
4 16 x 16 14 48 x 48 24 144 x 144
|
||
5 18 x 18 15 52 x 52 25 8 x 18
|
||
6 20 x 20 16 64 x 64 26 8 x 32
|
||
7 22 x 22 17 72 x 72 28 12 x 26
|
||
8 24 x 24 18 80 x 80 28 12 x 36
|
||
9 26 x 26 19 88 x 88 29 16 x 36
|
||
10 32 x 32 20 96 x 96 30 16 x 48
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:datamatrix_sizes tag=": Data Matrix Sizes"}
|
||
|
||
When using automatic symbol sizes you can force Zint to use square symbols
|
||
(versions 1-24) at the command line by using the option `--square` (API
|
||
`option_3 = DM_SQUARE`).
|
||
|
||
Data Matrix Rectangular Extension (ISO/IEC 21471) codes may be generated with
|
||
the following values as before:
|
||
|
||
Input Symbol Size Input Symbol Size
|
||
----- ----------- -- ----- -----------
|
||
31 8 x 48 40 20 x 36
|
||
32 8 x 64 41 20 x 44
|
||
33 8 x 80 42 20 x 64
|
||
34 8 x 96 43 22 x 48
|
||
35 8 x 120 44 24 x 48
|
||
36 8 x 144 45 24 x 64
|
||
37 12 x 64 46 26 x 40
|
||
38 12 x 88 47 26 x 48
|
||
39 16 x 64 48 26 x 64
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:dmre_sizes tag=": DMRE Sizes"}
|
||
|
||
DMRE symbol sizes may be activated in automatic size mode using the option
|
||
`--dmre` (API `option_3 = DM_DMRE`).
|
||
|
||
GS1 data may be encoded using FNC1 (default) or GS as separator. Use the option
|
||
`--gssep` to change to GS (API `output_options |= GS1_GS_SEPARATOR`).
|
||
|
||
For a faster but less optimal encoding, the `--fast` option (API `input_mode |=
|
||
FAST_MODE`) may be used.
|
||
|
||
Data Matrix supports Structured Append of up to 16 symbols and a numeric ID
|
||
(file identifications), which can be set by using the `--structapp` option (see
|
||
[4.16 Structured Append]) (API `structapp`). The ID consists of 2 numbers `ID1`
|
||
and `ID2`, each of which can range from 1 to 254, and is specified as the single
|
||
number `ID1 * 1000 + ID2`, so for instance `ID1` `"123"` and `ID2` `"234"` would
|
||
be given as `"123234"`. Note that both `ID1` and `ID2` must be non-zero, so e.g.
|
||
`"123000"` or `"000123"` would be invalid IDs. If an ID is not given it defaults
|
||
to `"001001"`.
|
||
|
||
### 6.6.2 QR Code (ISO 18004)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Also known as Quick Response Code this symbology was developed by Denso. Four
|
||
levels of error correction are available using the `--secure` option (API
|
||
`option_1`) as shown in the following table.
|
||
|
||
Input ECC Level Error Correction Capacity Recovery Capacity
|
||
----- --------- ------------------------- -----------------
|
||
1 L Approx 20% of symbol Approx 7%
|
||
2 M Approx 37% of symbol Approx 15%
|
||
3 Q Approx 55% of symbol Approx 25%
|
||
4 H Approx 65% of symbol Approx 30%
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:qrcode_eccs tag=": QR Code ECC Levels"}
|
||
|
||
The size of the symbol can be specified by setting the `--vers` option (API
|
||
`option_2`) to the QR Code version required (1-40). The size of symbol generated
|
||
is shown in the table below.
|
||
|
||
Input Symbol Size Input Symbol Size Input Symbol Size
|
||
----- ----------- -- ----- ----------- -- ----- -----------
|
||
1 21 x 21 15 77 x 77 29 133 x 133
|
||
2 25 x 25 16 81 x 81 30 137 x 137
|
||
3 29 x 29 17 85 x 85 31 141 x 141
|
||
4 33 x 33 18 89 x 89 32 145 x 145
|
||
5 37 x 37 19 93 x 93 33 149 x 149
|
||
6 41 x 41 20 97 x 97 34 153 x 153
|
||
7 45 x 45 21 101 x 101 35 157 x 157
|
||
8 49 x 49 22 105 x 105 36 161 x 161
|
||
9 53 x 53 23 109 x 109 37 165 x 165
|
||
10 57 x 57 24 113 x 113 38 169 x 169
|
||
11 61 x 61 25 117 x 117 39 173 x 173
|
||
12 65 x 65 26 121 x 121 40 177 x 177
|
||
13 69 x 69 27 125 x 125
|
||
14 73 x 73 28 129 x 129
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:qrcode_sizes tag=": QR Code Sizes"}
|
||
|
||
The maximum capacity of a QR Code symbol (version 40) is 7089 numeric digits,
|
||
4296 alphanumeric characters or 2953 bytes of data. QR Code symbols can also be
|
||
used to encode GS1 data. QR Code symbols can by default encode either characters
|
||
in the Latin-1 set or Kanji, Katakana and ASCII characters which are members of
|
||
the Shift JIS encoding scheme. In addition QR Code supports other character sets
|
||
using the ECI mechanism. Input should usually be entered as UTF-8 with
|
||
conversion to Latin-1 or Shift JIS being carried out by Zint. A separate
|
||
symbology ID (`BARCODE_HIBC_QR`) can be used to encode Health Industry Barcode
|
||
(HIBC) data.
|
||
|
||
Non-ASCII data density may be maximized by using the `--fullmultibyte` switch
|
||
(API `option_3 = ZINT_FULL_MULTIBYTE`), but check that your barcode reader
|
||
supports this before using.
|
||
|
||
QR Code has eight different masks designed to minimize unwanted patterns. The
|
||
best mask to use is selected automatically by Zint but may be manually specified
|
||
by using the `--mask` switch with values 0-7, or in the API by setting
|
||
`option_3 = (N + 1) << 8` where N is 0-7. To use with `ZINT_FULL_MULTIBYTE` set
|
||
```c
|
||
option_3 = ZINT_FULL_MULTIBYTE | (N + 1) << 8
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The `--fast` option (API `input_mode |= FAST_MODE`) may be used when leaving
|
||
Zint to automatically select a mask to reduce the number of masks to try to four
|
||
(0, 2, 4, 7).
|
||
|
||
QR Code supports Structured Append of up to 16 symbols and a numeric ID
|
||
(parity), which can be set by using the `--structapp` option (see [4.16
|
||
Structured Append]) (API `structapp`). The parity ID ranges from 0 (default) to
|
||
255, and for full compliance should be set to the value obtained by `XOR`-ing
|
||
together each byte of the complete data forming the sequence. Currently this
|
||
calculation must be done outside of Zint.
|
||
|
||
### 6.6.3 Micro QR Code (ISO 18004)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A miniature version of the QR Code symbol for short messages, Micro QR Code
|
||
symbols can encode either Latin-1 characters or Shift JIS characters. Input
|
||
should be entered as a UTF-8 stream with conversion to Latin-1 or Shift JIS
|
||
being carried out automatically by Zint. A preferred symbol size can be selected
|
||
by using the `--vers` option (API `option_2`), as shown in the table below. Note
|
||
that versions M1 and M2 have restrictions on what characters can be encoded.
|
||
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Input Version Symbol Size Allowed Characters
|
||
----- ------- ----------- ----------------------------------
|
||
1 M1 11 x 11 Numeric only
|
||
|
||
2 M2 13 x 13 Numeric, uppercase letters, space,
|
||
and the characters `"$%*+-./:"`
|
||
|
||
3 M3 15 x 15 Latin-1 and Shift JIS
|
||
|
||
4 M4 17 x 17 Latin-1 and Shift JIS
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:micrqr_sizes tag=": Micro QR Code Sizes"}
|
||
|
||
Except for version M1, which is always ECC level L, the amount of ECC codewords
|
||
can be adjusted using the `--secure` option (API `option_1`); however ECC level
|
||
H is not available for any version, and ECC level Q is only available for
|
||
version M4:
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Input ECC Error Correction Recovery Available for
|
||
Level Capacity Capacity Versions
|
||
----- ----- -------------------- ---------- --------------
|
||
1 L Approx 20% of symbol Approx 7% M1, M2, M3, M4
|
||
|
||
2 M Approx 37% of symbol Approx 15% M2, M3, M4
|
||
|
||
3 Q Approx 55% of symbol Approx 25% M4
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
The defaults for symbol size and ECC level depend on the input and whether
|
||
either of them is specified.
|
||
|
||
For barcode readers that support it, non-ASCII data density may be maximized by
|
||
using the `--fullmultibyte` switch (API `option_3 = ZINT_FULL_MULTIBYTE`).
|
||
|
||
Micro QR Code has four different masks designed to minimize unwanted patterns.
|
||
The best mask to use is selected automatically by Zint but may be manually
|
||
specified by using the `--mask` switch with values 0-3, or in the API by setting
|
||
`option_3 = (N + 1) << 8` where N is 0-3. To use with `ZINT_FULL_MULTIBYTE` set
|
||
```c
|
||
option_3 = ZINT_FULL_MULTIBYTE | (N + 1) << 8
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 6.6.4 Rectangular Micro QR Code (rMQR) (ISO 23941)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A rectangular version of QR Code, rMQR supports encoding of GS1 data, and either
|
||
Latin-1 characters or Shift JIS characters, and other encodings using the ECI
|
||
mechanism. As with other symbologies data should be entered as UTF-8 with
|
||
conversion being handled by Zint. The amount of ECC codewords can be adjusted
|
||
using the `--secure` option (API `option_1`), however only ECC levels M and H
|
||
are valid for this type of symbol.
|
||
|
||
Input ECC Level Error Correction Capacity Recovery Capacity
|
||
----- --------- ------------------------- -----------------
|
||
2 M Approx 37% of symbol Approx 15%
|
||
4 H Approx 65% of symbol Approx 30%
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:rmqr_eccs tag=": rMQR ECC Levels"}
|
||
|
||
The preferred symbol sizes can be selected using the `--vers` option (API
|
||
`option_2`) as shown in the table below. Input values between 33 and 38 fix the
|
||
height of the symbol while allowing Zint to determine the minimum symbol width.
|
||
|
||
Input Version Symbol Size (HxW) Input Version Symbol Size (HxW)
|
||
----- ------- ----------------- -- ----- ------- --------------------
|
||
1 R7x43 7 x 73 20 R13x77 13 x 77
|
||
2 R7x59 7 x 59 21 R13x99 13 x 99
|
||
3 R7x77 7 x 77 22 R13x139 13 x 139
|
||
4 R7x99 7 x 99 23 R15x43 15 x 43
|
||
5 R7x139 7 x 139 24 R15x59 15 x 59
|
||
6 R9x43 9 x 43 25 R15x77 15 x 77
|
||
7 R9x59 9 x 59 26 R15x99 15 x 99
|
||
8 R9x77 9 x 77 27 R15x139 15 x 139
|
||
9 R9x99 9 x 99 28 R17x43 17 x 43
|
||
10 R9x139 9 x 139 29 R17x59 17 x 59
|
||
11 R11x27 11 x 27 30 R17x77 17 x 77
|
||
12 R11x43 11 x 43 31 R17x99 17 x 99
|
||
13 R11x59 11 x 59 32 R17x139 17 x 139
|
||
14 R11x77 11 x 77 33 R7xW 7 x automatic width
|
||
15 R11x99 11 x 99 34 R9xW 9 x automatic width
|
||
16 R11x139 11 x 139 35 R11xW 11 x automatic width
|
||
17 R13x27 13 x 27 36 R13xW 13 x automatic width
|
||
18 R13x43 13 x 43 37 R15xW 15 x automatic width
|
||
19 R13x59 13 x 59 38 R17xW 17 x automatic width
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:rmqr_sizes tag=": rMQR Sizes"}
|
||
|
||
For barcode readers that support it, non-ASCII data density may be maximized by
|
||
using the `--fullmultibyte` switch or in the API by setting
|
||
`option_3 = ZINT_FULL_MULTIBYTE`.
|
||
|
||
### 6.6.5 UPNQR (Univerzalnega Plačilnega Naloga QR)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A variation of QR Code used by Združenje Bank Slovenije (Bank Association of
|
||
Slovenia). The size, error correction level and ECI are set by Zint and do not
|
||
need to be specified. UPNQR is unusual in that it uses Latin-2 (ISO/IEC 8859-2
|
||
plus ASCII) formatted data. Zint will accept UTF-8 data and convert it to
|
||
Latin-2, or if your data is already Latin-2 formatted use the `--binary` switch
|
||
(API `input_mode = DATA MODE`).
|
||
|
||
The following example creates a symbol from data saved as a Latin-2 file:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -o upnqr.png -b 143 --scale=3 --binary -i upn.txt
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
A mask may be manually specified or the `--fast` option used as with QRCODE.
|
||
|
||
### 6.6.6 MaxiCode (ISO 16023)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Developed by UPS the MaxiCode symbology employs a grid of hexagons surrounding
|
||
a bulls-eye finder pattern. This symbology is designed for the identification of
|
||
parcels. MaxiCode symbols can be encoded in one of five modes. In modes 2 and 3
|
||
MaxiCode symbols are composed of two parts named the primary and secondary
|
||
messages. The primary message consists of a Structured Carrier Message which
|
||
includes various data about the package being sent and the secondary message
|
||
usually consists of address data in a data structure. The format of the primary
|
||
message required by Zint is given in the following table.
|
||
|
||
Characters Meaning
|
||
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
1 - 9 Postcode data which can consist of up to 9 digits (for mode 2) or
|
||
up to 6 alphanumeric characters (for mode 3). Remaining unused
|
||
characters for mode 3 can be filled with the SPACE character
|
||
(ASCII 32) or omitted.
|
||
(adjust the following character positions according to postcode
|
||
length)
|
||
10 - 12 Three-digit country code according to ISO 3166-1.
|
||
13 - 15 Three-digit service code. This depends on your parcel courier.
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:maxicode_scm tag=": MaxiCode Structured Carrier Message Format"}
|
||
|
||
The primary message can be set at the command prompt using the `--primary`
|
||
switch (API `primary`). The secondary message uses the normal data entry method.
|
||
For example:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -o test.eps -b 57 --primary="999999999840012" \
|
||
-d "Secondary Message Here"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
When using the API the primary message must be placed in the `primary` string.
|
||
The secondary is entered in the same way as described in [5.2 Encoding and
|
||
Saving to File]. When either of these modes is selected Zint will analyse the
|
||
primary message and select either mode 2 or mode 3 as appropriate.
|
||
|
||
As a convenience the secondary message for modes 2 and 3 can be set to be
|
||
prefixed by the ISO/IEC 15434 Format `"01"` (transportation) sequence
|
||
`"[)>\R01\Gvv"`, where `vv` is a 2-digit version, by using the `--scmvv` switch
|
||
(API `option_2 = vv + 1`). For example to use the common version `"96"` (ASC
|
||
MH10/SC 8):
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -b 57 --primary="152382802840001" --scmvv=96 --esc -d \
|
||
"1Z00004951\GUPSN\G06X610\G159\G1234567\G1/1\G\GY\G1 MAIN ST\GNY\GNY\R\E"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
will prefix `"[)>\R01\G96"` to the secondary message. (`\R`, `\G` and `\E` are
|
||
the escape sequences for Record Separator, Group Separator and End of
|
||
Transmission respectively - see Table {@tbl:escape_sequences}.)
|
||
|
||
Modes 4 to 6 can be accessed using the `--mode` switch (API `option_1`). Modes 4
|
||
to 6 do not have a primary message. For example:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
zint -o test.eps -b 57 --mode=4 -d "A MaxiCode Message in Mode 4"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Mode 6 is reserved for the maintenance of scanner hardware and should not be
|
||
used to encode user data.
|
||
|
||
This symbology uses Latin-1 character encoding by default but also supports the
|
||
ECI encoding mechanism. The maximum length of text which can be placed in a
|
||
MaxiCode symbol depends on the type of characters used in the text.
|
||
|
||
Example maximum data lengths are given in the table below:
|
||
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Mode Maximum Data Length Maximum Data Length Number of Error
|
||
for Capital Letters for Numeric Digits Correction Codewords
|
||
---- ------------------- ------------------- --------------------
|
||
2`*` 84 126 50
|
||
|
||
3`*` 84 126 50
|
||
|
||
4 93 138 50
|
||
|
||
5 77 113 66
|
||
|
||
6 93 138 50
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:maxicode_data_length_maxima tag=": MaxiCode Data Length Maxima"}
|
||
|
||
`*` - secondary only
|
||
|
||
MaxiCode supports Structured Append of up to 8 symbols, which can be set by
|
||
using the `--structapp` option (see [4.16 Structured Append]) (API `structapp`).
|
||
It does not support specifying an ID.
|
||
|
||
MaxiCode uses a different scaling than other symbols for raster output, see
|
||
[4.9.3 MaxiCode Raster Scaling], and also for EMF vector output, when the scale
|
||
is multiplied by 20 instead of 2.
|
||
|
||
### 6.6.7 Aztec Code (ISO 24778)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Invented by Andrew Longacre at Welch Allyn Inc in 1995 the Aztec Code symbol is
|
||
a matrix symbol with a distinctive bulls-eye finder pattern. Zint can generate
|
||
Compact Aztec Code (sometimes called Small Aztec Code) as well as 'full-range'
|
||
Aztec Code symbols and by default will automatically select symbol type and
|
||
size dependent on the length of the data to be encoded. Error correction
|
||
codewords will normally be generated to fill at least 23% of the symbol. Two
|
||
options are available to change this behaviour:
|
||
|
||
The size of the symbol can be specified using the `--vers` option (API
|
||
`option_2`) to a value between 1 and 36 according to the following table. The
|
||
symbols marked with an asterisk (`*`) in the table below are 'compact' symbols,
|
||
meaning they have a smaller bulls-eye pattern at the centre of the symbol.
|
||
|
||
Input Symbol Size Input Symbol Size Input Symbol Size
|
||
----- ----------- -- ----- ----------- -- ----- -----------
|
||
1 15 x 15`*` 13 53 x 53 25 105 x 105
|
||
2 19 x 19`*` 14 57 x 57 26 109 x 109
|
||
3 23 x 23`*` 15 61 x 61 27 113 x 113
|
||
4 27 x 27`*` 16 67 x 67 28 117 x 117
|
||
5 19 x 19 17 71 x 71 29 121 x 121
|
||
6 23 x 23 18 75 x 75 30 125 x 125
|
||
7 27 x 27 19 79 x 79 31 131 x 131
|
||
8 31 x 31 20 83 x 83 32 135 x 135
|
||
9 37 x 37 21 87 x 87 33 139 x 139
|
||
10 41 x 41 22 91 x 91 34 143 x 143
|
||
11 45 x 45 23 95 x 95 35 147 x 147
|
||
12 49 x 49 24 101 x 101 36 151 x 151
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:aztec_sizes tag=": Aztec Code Sizes"}
|
||
|
||
Note that in symbols which have a specified size the amount of error correction
|
||
is dependent on the length of the data input and Zint will allow error
|
||
correction capacities as low as 3 codewords.
|
||
|
||
Alternatively the amount of error correction data can be specified by setting
|
||
the `--secure` option (API `option_1`) to a value from the following table.
|
||
|
||
Mode Error Correction Capacity
|
||
---- -------------------------
|
||
1 >10% + 3 codewords
|
||
2 >23% + 3 codewords
|
||
3 >36% + 3 codewords
|
||
4 >50% + 3 codewords
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:aztec_eccs tag=": Aztec Code Error Correction Modes"}
|
||
|
||
It is not possible to select both symbol size and error correction capacity for
|
||
the same symbol. If both options are selected then the error correction
|
||
capacity selection will be ignored.
|
||
|
||
Aztec Code supports ECI encoding and can encode up to a maximum length of
|
||
approximately 3823 numeric or 3067 alphabetic characters or 1914 bytes of data.
|
||
A separate symbology ID (`BARCODE_HIBC_AZTEC`) can be used to encode Health
|
||
Industry Barcode (HIBC) data.
|
||
|
||
Aztec Code supports Structured Append of up to 26 symbols and an optional
|
||
alphanumeric ID of up to 32 characters, which can be set by using the
|
||
`--structapp` option (see [4.16 Structured Append]) (API `structapp`). The ID
|
||
cannot contain spaces. If an ID is not given, no ID is encoded.
|
||
|
||
### 6.6.8 Aztec Runes (ISO 24778)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A truncated version of compact Aztec Code for encoding whole integers between 0
|
||
and 255, as defined in ISO/IEC 24778 Annex A. Includes Reed-Solomon error
|
||
correction. It does not support Structured Append.
|
||
|
||
### 6.6.9 Code One
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A matrix symbology developed by Ted Williams in 1992 which encodes data in a
|
||
way similar to Data Matrix, Code One is able to encode the Latin-1 character
|
||
set or GS1 data, and also supports the ECI mechanism. There are two types of
|
||
Code One symbol - fixed-ratio symbols which are roughly square (versions A
|
||
through to H) and variable-width versions (versions S and T). These can be
|
||
selected by using `--vers` (API `option_2`) as shown in the table below:
|
||
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Input Version Size Numeric Alphanumeric
|
||
(W x H) Data Capacity Data Capacity
|
||
----- ------- ---------- ------------- -------------
|
||
1 A 16 x 18 22 13
|
||
|
||
2 B 22 x 22 44 27
|
||
|
||
3 C 28 x 28 104 64
|
||
|
||
4 D 40 x 42 217 135
|
||
|
||
5 E 52 x 54 435 271
|
||
|
||
6 F 70 x 76 886 553
|
||
|
||
7 G 104 x 98 1755 1096
|
||
|
||
8 H 148 x 134 3550 2218
|
||
|
||
9 S width x 8 18 N/A
|
||
|
||
10 T width x 16 90 55
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:codeone_sizes tag=": Code One Sizes"}
|
||
|
||
Version S symbols can only encode numeric data. The width of version S and
|
||
version T symbols is determined by the length of the input data.
|
||
|
||
Code One supports Structured Append of up to 128 symbols, which can be set by
|
||
using the `--structapp` option (see [4.16 Structured Append]) (API `structapp`).
|
||
It does not support specifying an ID. Structured Append is not supported with
|
||
GS1 data nor for Version S symbols.
|
||
|
||
### 6.6.10 Grid Matrix
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Grid Matrix groups modules in a chequerboard pattern, and by default supports
|
||
the GB 2312 standard set, which includes Hanzi, ASCII and a small number of
|
||
ISO/IEC 8859-1 characters. Input should be entered as UTF-8 with conversion to
|
||
GB 2312 being carried out automatically by Zint. The symbology also supports the
|
||
ECI mechanism. Support for GS1 data has not yet been implemented.
|
||
|
||
The size of the symbol and the error correction capacity can be specified. If
|
||
you specify both of these values then Zint will make a 'best-fit' attempt to
|
||
satisfy both conditions. The symbol size can be specified using the `--vers`
|
||
option (API `option_2`), and the error correction capacity can be specified by
|
||
using the `--secure` option (API `option_1`), according to the following tables.
|
||
|
||
Input Symbol Size Input Symbol Size
|
||
----- ----------- - ----- -----------
|
||
1 18 x 18 8 102 x 102
|
||
2 30 x 30 9 114 x 114
|
||
3 42 x 42 10 126 x 126
|
||
4 54 x 54 11 138 x 138
|
||
5 66 x 66 12 150 x 150
|
||
6 78 x 78 13 162 x 162
|
||
7 90 x 90
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:gridmatrix_sizes tag=": Grid Matrix Sizes"}
|
||
|
||
Mode Error Correction Capacity
|
||
---- -------------------------
|
||
1 Approximately 10%
|
||
2 Approximately 20%
|
||
3 Approximately 30%
|
||
4 Approximately 40%
|
||
5 Approximately 50%
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:gridmatrix_eccs tag=": Grid Matrix Error Correction Modes"}
|
||
|
||
Non-ASCII data density may be maximized by using the `--fullmultibyte` switch
|
||
(API `option_3 = ZINT_FULL_MULTIBYTE`), but check that your barcode reader
|
||
supports this before using.
|
||
|
||
Grid Matrix supports Structured Append of up to 16 symbols and a numeric ID
|
||
(file signature), which can be set by using the `--structapp` option (see [4.16
|
||
Structured Append]) (API `structapp`). The ID ranges from 0 (default) to 255.
|
||
|
||
### 6.6.11 DotCode
|
||
|
||
![`zint -b DOTCODE -d "[01]00012345678905[17]201231[10]ABC123456"
|
||
--gs1`](images/dotcode.svg)
|
||
|
||
DotCode uses a grid of dots in a rectangular formation to encode characters up
|
||
to a maximum of approximately 450 characters (or 900 numeric digits). The
|
||
symbology supports ECI encoding and GS1 data encoding. By default Zint will
|
||
produce a symbol which is approximately square, however the width of the symbol
|
||
can be adjusted by using the `--cols` option (API `option_2`) (maximum 200).
|
||
Outputting DotCode to raster images (BMP, GIF, PCX, PNG, TIF) will require
|
||
setting the scale of the image to a larger value than the default (e.g.
|
||
approximately 10) for the dots to be plotted correctly. Approximately 33% of the
|
||
resulting symbol is comprised of error correction codewords.
|
||
|
||
DotCode has two sets of 4 masks, designated 0-3 and 0'-3', the second `"prime"`
|
||
set being the same as the first with corners lit. The best mask to use is
|
||
selected automatically by Zint but may be manually specified by using the
|
||
`--mask` switch with values 0-7, where 4-7 denote 0'-3', or in the API by
|
||
setting `option_3 = (N + 1) << 8` where N is 0-7.
|
||
|
||
DotCode supports Structured Append of up to 35 symbols, which can be set by
|
||
using the `--structapp` option (see [4.16 Structured Append]) (API `structapp`).
|
||
It does not support specifying an ID.
|
||
|
||
### 6.6.12 Han Xin Code (ISO 20830)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Also known as Chinese Sensible Code, Han Xin is capable of encoding characters
|
||
in either the Latin-1 character set or the GB 18030 character set (which is a
|
||
UTF, i.e. includes all Unicode characters, optimized for Chinese characters) and
|
||
is also able to support the ECI mechanism. Support for the encoding of GS1 data
|
||
has not yet been implemented.
|
||
|
||
The size of the symbol can be specified using the `--vers` option (API
|
||
`option_2`) to a value between 1 and 84 according to the following table.
|
||
|
||
Input Symbol Size Input Symbol Size Input Symbol Size
|
||
----- ----------- -- ----- ----------- -- ----- -----------
|
||
1 23 x 23 29 79 x 79 57 135 x 135
|
||
2 25 x 25 30 81 x 81 58 137 x 137
|
||
3 27 x 27 31 83 x 83 59 139 x 139
|
||
4 29 x 29 32 85 x 85 60 141 x 141
|
||
5 31 x 31 33 87 x 87 61 143 x 143
|
||
6 33 x 33 34 89 x 89 62 145 x 145
|
||
7 35 x 35 35 91 x 91 63 147 x 147
|
||
8 37 x 37 36 93 x 93 64 149 x 149
|
||
9 39 x 39 37 95 x 95 65 151 x 151
|
||
10 41 x 41 38 97 x 97 66 153 x 153
|
||
11 43 x 43 39 99 x 99 67 155 x 155
|
||
12 45 x 45 40 101 x 101 68 157 x 157
|
||
13 47 x 47 41 103 x 103 69 159 x 159
|
||
14 49 x 49 42 105 x 105 70 161 x 161
|
||
15 51 x 51 43 107 x 107 71 163 x 163
|
||
16 53 x 53 44 109 x 109 72 165 x 165
|
||
17 55 x 55 45 111 x 111 73 167 x 167
|
||
18 57 x 57 46 113 x 113 74 169 x 169
|
||
19 59 x 59 47 115 x 115 75 171 x 171
|
||
20 61 x 61 48 117 x 117 76 173 x 173
|
||
21 63 x 63 49 119 x 119 77 175 x 175
|
||
22 65 x 65 50 121 x 121 78 177 x 177
|
||
23 67 x 67 51 123 x 123 79 179 x 179
|
||
24 69 x 69 52 125 x 125 80 181 x 181
|
||
25 71 x 71 53 127 x 127 81 183 x 183
|
||
26 73 x 73 54 129 x 129 82 185 x 185
|
||
27 75 x 75 55 131 x 131 83 187 x 187
|
||
28 77 x 77 56 133 x 133 84 189 x 189
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:hanxin_sizes tag=": Han Xin Sizes"}
|
||
|
||
There are four levels of error correction capacity available for Han Xin Code
|
||
which can be set by using the `--secure` option (API `option_1`) to a value from
|
||
the following table.
|
||
|
||
Mode Recovery Capacity
|
||
---- -----------------
|
||
1 Approx 8%
|
||
2 Approx 15%
|
||
3 Approx 23%
|
||
4 Approx 30%
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:hanxin_eccs tag=": Han Xin Error Correction Modes"}
|
||
|
||
Non-ASCII data density may be maximized by using the `--fullmultibyte` switch
|
||
(API `option_3 = ZINT_FULL_MULTIBYTE`), but check that your barcode reader
|
||
supports this before using.
|
||
|
||
Han Xin has four different masks designed to minimize unwanted patterns. The
|
||
best mask to use is selected automatically by Zint but may be manually specified
|
||
by using the `--mask` switch with values 0-3, or in the API by setting
|
||
`option_3 = (N + 1) << 8` where N is 0-3. To use with `ZINT_FULL_MULTIBYTE` set
|
||
```c
|
||
option_3 = ZINT_FULL_MULTIBYTE | (N + 1) << 8
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 6.6.13 Ultracode
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
This symbology uses a grid of coloured elements to encode data. ECI and GS1
|
||
modes are supported. The amount of error correction can be set using the
|
||
`--secure` option (API `option_1`) to a value as shown in the following table.
|
||
|
||
Value EC Level Amount of symbol holding error correction data
|
||
----- -------- ----------------------------------------------
|
||
1 EC0 0% - Error detection only
|
||
2 EC1 Approx 5%
|
||
3 EC2 Approx 9% - Default value
|
||
4 EC3 Approx 17%
|
||
5 EC4 Approx 25%
|
||
6 EC5 Approx 33%
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:ultra_eccs tag=": Ultracode Error Correction Values"}
|
||
|
||
Zint does not currently implement data compression by default, but this can
|
||
be initiated through the API by setting
|
||
|
||
```c
|
||
symbol->option_3 = ULTRA_COMPRESSION;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
WARNING: Ultracode data compression is experimental and should not be used
|
||
in a production environment.
|
||
|
||
Revision 2 of Ultracode (2021) which swops and inverts the DCCU and DCCL tiles
|
||
may be specified using `--vers=2` (API `option_2 = 2`).
|
||
|
||
Ultracode supports Structured Append of up to 8 symbols and an optional numeric
|
||
ID (File Number), which can be set by using the `--structapp` option (see
|
||
[4.16 Structured Append]) (API `structapp`). The ID ranges from 1 to 80088. If
|
||
an ID is not given, no ID is encoded.
|
||
|
||
\clearpage
|
||
|
||
## 6.7 Other Barcode-Like Markings
|
||
|
||
### 6.7.1 Facing Identification Mark (FIM)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Used by the United States Postal Service (USPS), the FIM symbology is used to
|
||
assist automated mail processing. There are only 5 valid symbols which can be
|
||
generated using the characters A-E as shown in the table below.
|
||
|
||
Code Letter Usage
|
||
----------- --------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
A Used for courtesy reply mail and metered reply mail with a
|
||
pre-printed POSTNET symbol.
|
||
B Used for business reply mail without a pre-printed zip code.
|
||
C Used for business reply mail with a pre-printed zip code.
|
||
D Used for Information Based Indicia (IBI) postage.
|
||
E Used for customized mail with a USPS Intelligent Mail barcode.
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:fim_characters tag=": Valid FIM Characters"}
|
||
|
||
### 6.7.2 Flattermarken
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Used for the recognition of page sequences in print-shops, the Flattermarken is
|
||
not a true barcode symbol and requires precise knowledge of the position of the
|
||
mark on the page. The Flattermarken system can encode numeric data up to a
|
||
maximum of 90 digits and does not include a check digit.
|
||
|
||
|
||
# 7. Legal and Version Information
|
||
|
||
## 7.1 License
|
||
|
||
Zint, libzint and Zint Barcode Studio are Copyright © 2022 Robin Stuart. All
|
||
historical versions are distributed under the GNU General Public License
|
||
version 3 or later. Versions 2.5 and later are released under a dual license:
|
||
the encoding library is released under the BSD (3 clause) license whereas the
|
||
GUI, Zint Barcode Studio, and the CLI are released under the GNU General Public
|
||
License version 3 or later.
|
||
|
||
Telepen is a trademark of SB Electronic Systems Ltd.
|
||
|
||
QR Code is a registered trademark of Denso Wave Incorporated.
|
||
|
||
Mailmark is a registered trademark of Royal Mail Group Ltd.
|
||
|
||
Microsoft, Windows and the Windows logo are either registered trademarks or
|
||
trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
|
||
|
||
Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other
|
||
countries.
|
||
|
||
Mac and macOS are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other
|
||
countries.
|
||
|
||
The Zint logo is derived from "SF Planetary Orbiter" font by ShyFoundary.
|
||
|
||
Zint.org.uk website design and hosting provided by Robert Elliott.
|
||
|
||
## 7.2 Patent Issues
|
||
|
||
All of the code in Zint is developed using information in the public domain,
|
||
usually freely available on the Internet. Some of the techniques used may be
|
||
subject to patents and other intellectual property legislation. It is my belief
|
||
that any patents involved in the technology underlying symbologies utilised by
|
||
Zint are 'unadopted', that is the holder does not object to their methods being
|
||
used.
|
||
|
||
Any methods patented or owned by third parties or trademarks or registered
|
||
trademarks used within Zint or in this document are and remain the property of
|
||
their respective owners and do not indicate endorsement or affiliation with
|
||
those owners, companies or organisations.
|
||
|
||
## 7.3 Version Information
|
||
|
||
The current stable version of Zint is 2.11.1, released on 22nd August 2022.
|
||
|
||
See `"ChangeLog"` in the project root directory for information on all releases.
|
||
|
||
## 7.4 Sources of Information
|
||
|
||
Below is a list of some of the sources used in rough chronological order:
|
||
|
||
- Nick Johnson's Barcode Specifications
|
||
- Bar Code 1 Specification Source Page
|
||
- SB Electronic Systems Telepen website
|
||
- Pharmacode specifications from Laetus
|
||
- Morovia RM4SCC specification
|
||
- Australia Post's 'A Guide to Printing the 4-State Barcode' and bcsample source
|
||
code
|
||
- Plessey algorithm from GNU-Barcode v0.98 by Leonid A. Broukhis
|
||
- GS1 General Specifications v 8.0 Issue 2
|
||
- PNG: The Definitive Guide and wpng source code by Greg Reolofs
|
||
- PDF417 specification and pdf417 source code by Grand Zebu
|
||
- Barcode Reference, TBarCode/X User Documentation and TBarCode/X demonstration
|
||
program from Tec-It
|
||
- IEC16022 source code by Stefan Schmidt et al
|
||
- United States Postal Service Specification USPS-B-3200
|
||
- Adobe Systems Incorporated Encapsulated PostScript File Format Specification
|
||
- BSI Online Library
|
||
- Libdmtx Data Matrix ECC200 decoding library
|
||
|
||
## 7.5 Standards Compliance
|
||
|
||
Zint was developed to provide compliance with the following British and
|
||
international standards:
|
||
|
||
### 7.5.1 Symbology Standards
|
||
|
||
- ISO/IEC 24778:2008 Information technology - Automatic identification and data
|
||
capture techniques - Aztec Code bar code symbology specification
|
||
- SEMI T1-95 Specification for Back Surface Bar Code Marking of Silicon Wafers
|
||
(BC412) (1996)
|
||
- ANSI/AIM BC12-1998 - Uniform Symbology Specification Channel Code
|
||
- BS EN 798:1996 Bar coding - Symbology specifications - 'Codabar'
|
||
- AIM Europe ISS-X-24 - Uniform Symbology Specification Codablock-F (1995)
|
||
- ISO/IEC 15417:2007 Information technology - Automatic identification and data
|
||
capture techniques - Code 128 bar code symbology specification
|
||
- BS EN 12323:2005 AIDC technologies - Symbology specifications - Code 16K
|
||
- ISO/IEC 16388:2007 Information technology - Automatic identification and data
|
||
capture techniques - Code 39 bar code symbology specification
|
||
- ANSI/AIM BC6-2000 - Uniform Symbology Specification Code 49
|
||
- ANSI/AIM BC5-1995 - Uniform Symbology Specification Code 93
|
||
- AIM Uniform Symbology Specification Code One (1994)
|
||
- ISO/IEC 16022:2006 Information technology - Automatic identification and data
|
||
capture techniques - Data Matrix ECC200 bar code symbology specification
|
||
- ISO/IEC 21471:2020 Information technology - Automatic identification and data
|
||
capture techniques - Extended rectangular data matrix (DMRE) bar code
|
||
symbology specification
|
||
- AIM TSC1705001 (v 4.0 Draft 0.15) - Information technology - Automatic
|
||
identification and data capture techniques - Bar code symbology
|
||
specification - DotCode (Revised 28th May 2019)
|
||
- ISO/IEC 15420:2009 Information technology - Automatic identification and data
|
||
capture techniques - EAN/UPC bar code symbology specification
|
||
- AIMD014 (v 1.63) - Information technology, Automatic identification and data
|
||
capture techniques - Bar code symbology specification - Grid Matrix
|
||
(Released 9th Dec 2008)
|
||
- ISO/IEC 24723:2010 Information technology - Automatic identification and data
|
||
capture techniques - GS1 Composite bar code symbology specification
|
||
- ISO/IEC 24724:2011 Information technology - Automatic identification and data
|
||
capture techniques - GS1 DataBar bar code symbology specification
|
||
- ISO/IEC 20830:2021 Information technology - Automatic identification and data
|
||
capture techniques - Han Xin Code bar code symbology specification
|
||
- ISO/IEC 16390:2007 Information technology - Automatic identification and data
|
||
capture techniques - Interleaved 2 of 5 bar code symbology specification
|
||
- ISO/IEC 16023:2000 Information technology - International symbology
|
||
specification - MaxiCode
|
||
- ISO/IEC 24728:2006 Information technology - Automatic identification and data
|
||
capture techniques - MicroPDF417 bar code symbology specification
|
||
- ISO/IEC 15438:2015 Information technology - Automatic identification and data
|
||
capture techniques - PDF417 bar code symbology specification
|
||
- ISO/IEC 18004:2015 Information technology - Automatic identification and data
|
||
capture techniques - QR Code bar code symbology specification
|
||
- ISO/IEC 23941:2022 Information technology - Automatic identification and data
|
||
capture techniques - Rectangular Micro QR Code (rMQR) bar code symbology
|
||
specification
|
||
- AIMD/TSC15032-43 (v 0.99c) - International Technical Specification -
|
||
Ultracode Symbology (Draft) (Released 4th Nov 2015)
|
||
|
||
A number of other specification documents have also been referenced, such as
|
||
MIL-STD-1189 Rev. B (1989) (LOGMARS), USPS DMM 300 2006 (2011) (POSTNET, PLANET,
|
||
FIM) and USPS-B-3200 (2015) (IMAIL). Those not named include postal and delivery
|
||
company references in particular.
|
||
|
||
### 7.5.2 General Standards
|
||
|
||
- AIM ITS/04-001 International Technical Standard - Extended Channel
|
||
Interpretations Part 1: Identification Schemes and Protocol (Released 24th
|
||
May 2004)
|
||
- AIM ITS/04-023 International Technical Standard - Extended Channel
|
||
Interpretations Part 3: Register (Version 2, February 2022)
|
||
- GS1 General Specifications Release 22.0 (Jan 2022)
|
||
- ANSI/HIBC 2.6-2016 - The Health Industry Bar Code (HIBC) Supplier Labeling
|
||
Standard
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Annex A. Character Encoding
|
||
|
||
This section is intended as a quick reference to the character sets used by
|
||
Zint. All symbologies use standard ASCII input as shown in section A.1, but
|
||
some support extended characters as shown in the subsequent section [A.2 Latin
|
||
Alphabet No. 1 (ISO/IEC 8859-1)].
|
||
|
||
## A.1 ASCII Standard
|
||
|
||
The ubiquitous ASCII standard is well known to most computer users. It's
|
||
reproduced here for reference.
|
||
|
||
Hex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
|
||
--- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
|
||
0 `NUL` `DLE` `SPACE` `0` `@` `P` `` ` `` `p`
|
||
1 `SOH` `DC1` `!` `1` `A` `Q` `a` `q`
|
||
2 `STX` `DC2` `"` `2` `B` `R` `b` `r`
|
||
3 `ETX` `DC3` `#` `3` `C` `S` `c` `s`
|
||
4 `EOT` `DC4` `$` `4` `D` `T` `d` `t`
|
||
5 `ENQ` `NAK` `%` `5` `E` `U` `e` `u`
|
||
6 `ACK` `SYN` `&` `6` `F` `V` `f` `v`
|
||
7 `BEL` `ETB` `'` `7` `G` `W` `g` `w`
|
||
8 `BS` `CAN` `(` `8` `H` `X` `h` `x`
|
||
9 `TAB` `EM` `)` `9` `I` `Y` `i` `y`
|
||
A `LF` `SUB` `*` `:` `J` `Z` `j` `z`
|
||
B `VT` `ESC` `+` `;` `K` `[` `k` `{`
|
||
C `FF` `FS` `,` `<` `L` `\` `l` `|`
|
||
D `CR` `GS` `-` `=` `M` `]` `m` `}`
|
||
E `SO` `RS` `.` `>` `N` `^` `n` `~`
|
||
F `SI` `US` `/` `?` `O` `_` `o` `DEL`
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:ascii tag=": ASCII"}
|
||
|
||
## A.2 Latin Alphabet No. 1 (ISO/IEC 8859-1)
|
||
|
||
ISO/IEC 8859-1 defines additional characters common in western European
|
||
languages like French, German, Italian and Spanish. This extension is the
|
||
default encoding of many barcodes (see Table @tbl:default_character_sets) when a
|
||
codepoint above hex 9F is encoded. Note that codepoints hex 80 to 9F are not
|
||
defined.
|
||
|
||
Hex 8 9 A B C D E F
|
||
--- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
|
||
0 `NBSP` `°` `À` `Ð` `à` `ð`
|
||
1 `¡` `±` `Á` `Ñ` `á` `ñ`
|
||
2 `¢` `²` `Â` `Ò` `â` `ò`
|
||
3 `£` `³` `Ã` `Ó` `ã` `ó`
|
||
4 `¤` `´` `Ä` `Ô` `ä` `ô`
|
||
5 `¥` `μ` `Å` `Õ` `å` `õ`
|
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6 `¦` `¶` `Æ` `Ö` `æ` `ö`
|
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7 `§` `·` `Ç` `×` `ç` `÷`
|
||
8 `¨` `¸` `È` `Ø` `è` `ø`
|
||
9 `©` `¹` `É` `Ù` `é` `ù`
|
||
A `ª` `º` `Ê` `Ú` `ê` `ú`
|
||
B `«` `»` `Ë` `Û` `ë` `û`
|
||
C `¬` `¼` `Ì` `Ü` `ì` `ü`
|
||
D `SHY` `½` `Í` `Ý` `í` `ý`
|
||
E `®` `¾` `Î` `Þ` `î` `þ`
|
||
F `¯` `¿` `Ï` `ß` `ï` `ÿ`
|
||
|
||
Table: {#tbl:iso_iec_8869_1 tag=": ISO/IEC 8859-1"}
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# Annex B. Man Page ZINT(1)
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