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<H1>5.1 One-Dimensional Symbols</H1>
<P>One-Dimensional Symbols are what most people associate with the
term <I>barcode</I>. They consist of a number of bars and a number of
spaces of differing widths.</P>
<P><BR><BR>
</P>
<P><A NAME="CODE11"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.1.1 Code 11</B></FONT></P>
<P>Developed by Intermec in 1977, Code 11 is similar to Code 2 of 5
Matrix and is primarily used in telecommunications. The symbol can
encode any length string consisting of the digits 0-9 and the dash
character (-). One modulo-11 check digit is calculated.</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="code11.png" NAME="graphics1" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=190 HEIGHT=118 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT><BR><BR>
</P>
<P><A NAME="CODE25"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.1.2 Code 2 of 5</B></FONT></P>
<P>Code 2 of 5 is a family of one-dimensional symbols, 8 of which are
supported by Zint.</P>
<P><A NAME="CODE25STAND"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.2.1 Standard Code 2
of 5</B></FONT></P>
<P>Also known as Code 2 of 5 Matrix is a self-checking code used in
industrial applications and photo development. Standard Code 2 of 5
will encode any length numeric input (digits 0-9).</P>
<P><A NAME="IATA"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.2.2 IATA Code 2 of 5</B></FONT></P>
<P>Used for baggage handling in the air-transport industry by the
International Air Transport Agency, this self-checking code will
encode any length numeric input (digits 0-9) and does not include a
check digit.</P>
<P><A NAME="IND25"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.2.3 Industrial Code 2 of 5</B></FONT></P>
<P>Industrial Code 2 of 5 can encode any length numeric input (digits
0-9) and does not include a check digit.</P>
<P><A NAME="INTER25"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.2.4 Interleaved Code 2
of 5</B></FONT></P>
<P>This self-checking symbology encodes pairs of numbers, and so can
only encode an even number of digits (0-9). If an odd number of
digits is entered a leading zero is added by Zint. No check digit is
added.</P>
<P><A NAME="DLOGIC"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.2.5 Code 2 of 5 Data
Logic</B></FONT></P>
<P>Data Logic is a proprietary variation of Standard Code 2 of 5.
Data Logic does not include a check digit and can encode any length
numeric input (digits 0-9).</P>
<P><A NAME="ITF14"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.2.6 ITF-14</B></FONT></P>
<P>ITF-14, also known as UPC Shipping Container Symbol, Case Code and
EAN-14, is based on Interleaved Code 2 of 5 and requires a 13 digit
numeric input (digits 0-9). One modulo-10 check digit is calculated.</P>
<P><A NAME="DPLEIT"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.2.7 Deutsche Post Leitcode</B></FONT></P>
<P>Leitcode is based on Interleaved Code 2 of 5 and is used by
Deutsche Post for mailing purposes. Leitcode requires a 13-digit
numerical input and includes a check digit.</P>
<P><A NAME="DPIDENT"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.2.8 Deutsche Post
Identcode</B></FONT></P>
<P>Identcode is based on Interleaved Code 2 of 5 and is used by
Deutsche Post for mailing purposes. Identcode requires an 11-digit
numerical input and includes a check digit.</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="itf14.png" NAME="graphics2" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=382 HEIGHT=150 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT><BR><BR>
</P>
<P><A NAME="UPC"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.1.3 Universal Product Code (EN
797)</B></FONT></P>
<P><A NAME="UPCA"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.3.1 UPC Version A</B></FONT></P>
<P>UPC-A is used in the United States for retail applications. The
symbol requires an 11 digit article number. The check digit is
calculated by Zint. In addition EAN-2 and EAN-5 add-on symbols can be
added using the + character. For example, to draw a UPC-A symbol with
the data 72527270270 with an EAN-5 add-on showing the data 12345 use
the command:</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>zint --barcode=34 -d
72527270270+12345</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>or encode a data string with the + character included:
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>my_symbol-&gt;symbology
= BARCODE_UPCA;<BR>error = ZBarcode_Encode_and_Print(my_symbol,
&quot;72527270270+12345&quot;);</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><A NAME="UPCE"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.3.2 UPC Version E</B></FONT></P>
<P>UPC-E is a zero-compressed version of UPC-A developed for smaller
packages. The code requires a 6 digit article number (digits 0-9).
The check digit is calculated by Zint. EAN-2 and EAN-5 add-on symbols
can be added using the + character as with UPC-A. In addition Zint
also supports Number System 1 encoding by entering a 7-digit article
number stating with the digit 1. For example:</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>zint --barcode=37 -d
1123456</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>or</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>my_symbol-&gt;symbology
= BARCODE_UPCE;<BR>error = ZBarcode_Encode_and_Print(my_symbol,
&quot;1123456&quot;);</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><IMG SRC="upca.png" NAME="graphics3" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=288 HEIGHT=118 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT><BR><BR>
</P>
<P><A NAME="EAN"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.1.4 European Article Number
(EN 797)</B></FONT></P>
<P><A NAME="EANX"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.5.1 EAN-2, EAN-5, EAN-8 and
EAN-13</B></FONT></P>
<P>The EAN system is used in retail across Europe and includes
standards for EAN-2 and EAN-5 add-on codes, EAN-8 and EAN-13 which
encode 2, 5, 7 or 12 digit numbers respectively. Zint will decide
which symbology to use depending on the length of the input data. In
addition EAN-2 and EAN-5 add-on symbols can be added using the +
symbol as with UPC symbols. For example</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>zint --barcode=13 -d
54321</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>will encode a stand-alone EAN-5, whereas</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>zint --barcode=13 -d
7432365+54321</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>will encode an EAN-8 symbol with an EAN-5 add-on. As before these
results can be achieved using the API:</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>my_symbol-&gt;symbology
= BARCODE_EANX<BR>error = ZBarcode_Encode_and_Print(my_symbol,
&quot;54321&quot;);<BR>error = ZBarcode_Encode_and_Print(my_symbol,
&quot;7432365+54321&quot;);</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>All of the EAN symbols include check data which is added by Zint.</P>
<P><A NAME="ISBN"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.4.2 SBN, ISBN and ISBN-13</B></FONT></P>
<P>EAN-13 symbols (also known as Bookland EAN-13) can also be
produced from 9-digit SBN, 10-digit ISBN or 13-digit ISBN-13 data.
The relevant check digit needs to be present in the input data and
will be verified before the symbol is generated. In addition EAN-2
and EAN-5 add-on symbols can be added using the + symbol as with UPC
symbols.</P>
<P><IMG SRC="ean13.png" NAME="graphics4" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=288 HEIGHT=118 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT><BR><BR>
</P>
<P><A NAME="PLESSEY"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.1.5 Plessey</B></FONT></P>
<P>Also known as Plessey Code, this symbology was developed by the
Plessey Company Ltd. in the UK. The symbol can encode any length data
consisting of digits (0-9) or letters A-F and includes a CRC check
digit.</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="plessey.png" NAME="graphics5" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=390 HEIGHT=118 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT><BR><BR>
</P>
<P><A NAME="MSI"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.1.6 MSI Plessey</B></FONT></P>
<P>Based on Plessey and developed by MSE Data Corporation, MSI
Plessey is available with a range of check digit options. Any length
numeric (digits 0-9) input can be encoded. The table below shows the
options available:</P>
<CENTER>
<TABLE WIDTH=817 BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=4 CELLSPACING=3>
<COL WIDTH=139>
<COL WIDTH=263>
<COL WIDTH=377>
<THEAD>
<TR VALIGN=TOP>
<TH WIDTH=139>
<P>Symbology ID</P>
</TH>
<TH WIDTH=263>
<P>Symbology Name</P>
</TH>
<TH WIDTH=377>
<P>Check Digits</P>
</TH>
</TR>
</THEAD>
<TBODY>
<TR VALIGN=TOP>
<TD WIDTH=139>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>47</P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=263>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">BARCODE_MSI_PLESSEY</FONT></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=377>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>None</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN=TOP>
<TD WIDTH=139>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>101</P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=263>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">BARCODE_MSI_10</FONT></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=377>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>Modulo-10</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN=TOP>
<TD WIDTH=139>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>102</P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=263>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">BARCODE_MSI_10_10</FONT></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=377>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>Modulo-10 &amp; Modulo-10</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN=TOP>
<TD WIDTH=139>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>103</P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=263>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">BARCODE_MSI_11</FONT></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=377>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>Modulo-11</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN=TOP>
<TD WIDTH=139>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>104</P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=263>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">BARCODE_MSI_11_10</FONT></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=377>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>Modulo-11 &amp; Modulo-10</P>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
<P><BR><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="msi.png" NAME="graphics6" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=230 HEIGHT=118 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT><BR><BR>
</P>
<P><A NAME="TELEPEN"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.1.7 Telepen</B></FONT></P>
<P><A NAME="TELEPENASCII"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.7.1 Telepen Alpha</B></FONT></P>
<P>Telepen Alpha was developed by SB Electronic Systems Limited and
can encode any length of ASCII text input. Telepen includes a
modulo-127 check digit.</P>
<P><A NAME="TELENUM"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.7.2 Telepen Numeric</B></FONT></P>
<P>Telepen Numeric allows compression of purely numeric data into a
Telepen symbol and includes a modulo-127 check digit.</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="telepen.png" NAME="graphics7" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=320 HEIGHT=118 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT><BR><BR>
</P>
<P><A NAME="CODE39"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.1.8 Code 39</B></FONT></P>
<P><A NAME="CODE39STAND"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.8.1 Standard Code 39
(ISO 16388)</B></FONT></P>
<P>Standard Code 39 was developed in 1974 by Intermec. Input data can
be of any length and supports the characters 0-9, A-Z, dash (-), full
stop (.), space, asterisk (*), dollar ($), slash (/), plus (+) and
percent (%). The original standard (symbology 8) does not require a
check digit but a modulo-43 check digit can be added if required
(symbology 105).</P>
<P><A NAME="EXCODE39"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.8.2 Extended Code 39</B></FONT></P>
<P>Also known as Code 39e and Code39+, this symbology expands on
Standard Code 39 to provide support to the full ASCII character set.
The original standard (symbology 9) does not require a check digit
but a modulo-43 check digit can be added if required (symbology 106).</P>
<P><A NAME="CODE93"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.8.3 Code 93</B></FONT></P>
<P>A variation of Extended Code 39, Code 93 also supports full ASCII
text. Two check digits are added.</P>
<P><A NAME="PZN"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.8.4 PZN</B></FONT></P>
<P>PZN is a Code 39 based symbology used by the pharmaceutical
industry in Germany. PZN encodes a 6 digit number and includes a
modulo-10 check digit.</P>
<P><A NAME="LOGMARS"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.8.5 LOGMARS</B></FONT></P>
<P>LOGMARS (Logistics Applications of Automated Marking and Reading
Symbols) is a variation of the Code 39 symbology used by the US
Department of Defence. LOGMARS encodes the same character set as
Standard Code 39 and adds a modulo-43 check digit.</P>
<P><A NAME="CODE32"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.8.6 Code 32</B></FONT></P>
<P>A variation of Code 39 used by the Italian Ministry of Health
(Ministero della Sanità) for encoding pharmacode data on
pharmaceutical products. Requires a numeric input up to 8 digits
in length. Check digit is added by Zint.</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="code39.png" NAME="graphics8" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=206 HEIGHT=118 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT><BR><BR>
</P>
<P><A NAME="CODABAR"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.1.9 Codabar (EN 798)</B></FONT></P>
<P>Also known as NW-7, Monarch, ABC Codabar, USD-4, Ames Code and
Code 27, this symbology was developed in 1972 by Monarch Marketing
Systems for retail purposes. The American Blood Commission adopted
Codabar in 1977 as the standard symbology for blood identification.
Codabar can encode any length string starting and ending with the
letters A-D and containing between these letters the numbers 0-9,
dash (-), dollar ($), colon (:), slash (/), full stop (.) or plus
(+). No check digit is generated.</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="codabar.png" NAME="graphics9" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=164 HEIGHT=118 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT><BR><BR>
</P>
<P><A NAME="PHARMA"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.1.10 Pharmacode</B></FONT></P>
<P>Developed by Laetus, Pharmacode One-Track is used for the
identification of pharmaceuticals. The symbology is able to encode
whole numbers between 3 and 131070.</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT><IMG SRC="pharma.png" NAME="graphics10" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=116 HEIGHT=100 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT><BR><BR>
</P>
<P><A NAME="CODE128"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.1.11 Code 128</B></FONT></P>
<P><A NAME="CODE128STAND"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.11.1 Standard Code
128 (ISO 15417)</B></FONT></P>
<P>One of the most widely used one-dimensional barcode symbologies,
Code 128 was developed in 1981 by Computer Identics. This symbology
supports full ASCII text and uses a three-mode system to compress the
data into a smaller symbol. Zint automatically switches between modes
and adds a modulo-103 check digit. Code 128 is the default barcode
symbology used by Zint. In addition Zint supports the encoding of
Latin-1 (non-English) characters in Code 128 symbols [1]. The Latin-1
character set is shown in <A HREF="appxa.html">Appendix A</A>.</P>
<P><A NAME="CODE128B"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.11.2 Code 128 Subset B</B></FONT></P>
<P>It is sometimes advantageous to stop Code 128 from using subset
mode C which compresses numerical data. The <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">BARCODE_CODE128B</FONT>
option suppresses mode C in favour of mode B.</P>
<P><A NAME="EAN128"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.11.3 GS1-128</B></FONT></P>
<P>A variation of Code 128 also known as UCC/EAN-128, this symbology
is defined by the <A HREF="appxc.html">GS1 General Specification.</A>
Application Identifiers (AIs) should be entered using [square
brackets] notation. These will be converted to (round brackets) for
the human readable text. This will allow (round brackets) to be used
in the data strings to be encoded. Fixed length data should be
entered at the appropriate length for correct encoding - this is not
checked by Zint and incorrect length data will result in a symbol
which does not read correctly (see <A HREF="appxc.html">Appendix C</A>).
GS1-128 does not support extended ASCII characters. Check digits for
GTIN data (AI 01) are not generated and need to be included in input
data. The following is an example of a valid GS1-128 input:</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>zint
--barcode=16 -d &quot;[01]98898765432106[3202]012345[15]991231&quot;</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><A NAME="NVE18"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.11.4 NVE-18</B></FONT></P>
<P>A variation of Code 128 the Nummber der Versandeinheit standard
includes both modulo-10 and modulo-103 check digits. NVE-18 requires
a 17 digit numerical input.</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="code128.png" NAME="graphics11" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=246 HEIGHT=118 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT><BR><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT><A NAME="DATABAR"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.1.12 GS1
DataBar (ISO 24724)</B></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>Also known as RSS (Reduced Spaced Symbology) these
symbols are due to replace GS1-128 symbols starting in 2010 in
accordance with the <A HREF="http://www.gs1uk.org/EANUCC/WORD_Files/word.html">GS1
General Specification.</A> If a GS1 DataBar symbol is to be printed
with a 2D component as specified in ISO 24723 set <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">option_1
= 2</FONT> or use the option <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">--mode=2</FONT>
at the command prompt. See the section <A HREF="composite.html">Composite
Symbols</A> to generate DataBar symbols with 2D components.</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT><A NAME="RSS14"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.12.1 DataBar-14
and DataBar-14 Truncated</B></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT SIZE=3>Also known as
RSS-14 the DataBar-14 encodes a 13 digit item code. A check digit and
application identifier of (01) are added by Zint. Note that for full
standard compliance symbol height should be greater than or equal to
33 modules. For DataBar-14 Truncated set the symbol height to a
minimum of 13.</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT><A NAME="RSSLTD"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.12.2 DataBar
Limited</B></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT SIZE=3>Also known as
RSS Limited the DataBar Limited symbol also encodes 13 digit item
codes and can be used in the same way as DataBar-14 above. DataBar
Limited, however, is limited to data starting with digits 0 and 1
(i.e. numbers in the range 0 to 1999999999999). As with DataBar-14 a
check digit and application identifier of (01) are added by Zint.</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT><A NAME="RSSEXP"></A><FONT SIZE=4><B>5.1.12.3 DataBar
Expanded</B></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">Also
known as RSS Expanded this is a variable length symbology capable of
encoding data from a number of AIs in a single symbol. AIs should be
encased in [square brackets] in the input data. This will be
converted to (rounded brackets) before it is included in the human
readable text attached to the symbol. This method allows the
inclusion of rounded brackets in the data to be encoded. GTIN data
(AI 01) should also include the check digit data as this is not
calculated by Zint when this symbology is encoded. </SPAN></FONT><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">Fixed
length data should be entered at the appropriate length for correct
encoding - this is not checked by Zint and incorrect length data will
result in a symbol which does not read correctly (see <A HREF="appxc.html">Appendix
C</A>). </SPAN><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">The
following is an example of a valid DataBar Expanded input</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace"><FONT SIZE=2>zint
--barcode=31 -d &quot;[01]98898765432106[3202]012345[15]991231&quot;</FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="databar.png" NAME="graphics12" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=302 HEIGHT=118 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT><BR><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>[1] Extended ASCII support requires the input data to
be in a plain ASCII format. This can be difficult to do from the
command prompt which may use the UTF-8 standard or similar
international character support. An example program <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">exttest.c</FONT>
is included in the frontend folder to show how extended ASCII can be
used to produce the following symbol. Extended ASCII characters may
not display properly in EPS images due to the restrictions of the EPS
format.</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT><IMG SRC="barext.png" NAME="graphics13" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=246 HEIGHT=118 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT><BR><BR>
</P>
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<TD WIDTH=33% HEIGHT=5>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>Types of Symbol</P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=34%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=33%>
<P ALIGN=RIGHT>Stacked Symbols</P>
</TD>
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